{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T11:49:21Z","timestamp":1792928961441,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524009600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scorpion venom is a rich source of biologically active components and various peptides with high-potential therapeutic use that have been characterized for their antimicrobial and antiproliferative activities. Stigmurin is a peptide identified from the Tityus stigmurus venom gland with high antibacterial and antiproliferative activities and low toxicity. Amino acid substitutions in peptides without a disulfide bridge sequence have been made with the aim of reducing their toxicity and increasing their biological activities. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the structural conformation and structural stability, as well as antimicrobial, antiproliferative, and hemolytic activities of two peptide analogs to Stigmurin, denominated StigA6 and StigA16. In silico analysis revealed the \u03b1-helix structure for both analog peptides, which was confirmed by circular dichroism. Data showed that the net charge and hydrophobic moment of the analog peptides were higher than those for Stigmurin, which can explain the increase in antimicrobial activity presented by them. Both analog peptides exhibited activity on cancerous cells similar to the native peptide; however, they were less toxic when tested on the normal cell line. These results reveal a potential biotechnological application of the analog peptides StigA6 and StigA16 as prototypes to new therapeutic agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10040161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]],"date-time":"2018-04-18T03:51:13Z","timestamp":1524023473000},"page":"161","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Analogs of the Scorpion Venom Peptide Stigmurin: Structural Assessment, Toxicity, and Increased Antimicrobial Activity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Adriana M. S.","family":"Parente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59010-115, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Daniele-Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59010-115, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allanny A.","family":"Furtado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59010-115, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menilla A.","family":"Melo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59010-115, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariane F.","family":"Lacerda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59010-115, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moacir","family":"Queiroz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4912-8016","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59010-115, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugo A. O.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7685-9618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Euz\u00e9bio G.","family":"Barbosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eneas","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7516-1787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnobio A.","family":"Silva-J\u00fanior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59010-115, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1000-0149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcelo S.","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Institute of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1099-085 Lisbon, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4221-9580","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus de F.","family":"Fernandes-Pedrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Tecnologia e Biotecnologia Farmac\u00eautica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59010-115, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte 59072-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Selden, P.A. 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