{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T07:45:24Z","timestamp":1792136724730,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]],"date-time":"2018-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1526428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004332","name":"Seoul National University Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["0620131320 (2012-1185)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0620131320 (2012-1185)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004332","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of injecting botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A) into the neck muscles to treat cervical dystonia (CD) in patients with dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP). This was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial with cross-over design. We prospectively enrolled adults with dyskinetic CP who were over 20 years old and had been clinically diagnosed with CD for more than one year. The primary outcome measure was the change in Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) at four weeks from the baseline TWSTRS. Seventeen patients were initially enrolled, but one patient was excluded after the final evaluation because of a violation of the study protocol. At four weeks, the BoNT-A injections showed significant improvement in TWSTRS total scores compared to the saline injections (p = 0.0286 for ANCOVA). At 12 weeks, the BoNT-A injections resulted in greater improvements in TWSTRS total scores than the saline injections without statistical significance (p = 0.0783 for ANCOVA). Dysphagia occurred in three out of 16 patients: two after BoNT-A and one after saline. The dysphagia was transient and improved naturally within two weeks without any special treatment. BoNT-A injection for CD in adults with dyskinetic CP is relatively safe and improves pain and disability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10050203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T03:49:29Z","timestamp":1526528969000},"page":"203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Botulinum Toxin Type A Injection for Cervical Dystonia in Adults with Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1791-1831","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"You Gyoung","family":"Yi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6597-578X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keewon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youbin","family":"Yi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young-Ah","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0465-6392","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ja-Ho","family":"Leigh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Incheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, Incheon 22711, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1093-6908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moon Suk","family":"Bang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S107","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bsd.0000128693.44276.86","article-title":"Surgical treatment of cervical myeloradiculopathy associated with movement disorders","volume":"18","author":"Wong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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