{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,9]],"date-time":"2026-01-09T02:09:27Z","timestamp":1767924567562,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/10196-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/10196-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AUX-PE-Toxinologia-1207\/2011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AUX-PE-Toxinologia-1207\/2011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Scorpion venoms are composed of several substances with different pharmacological activities. Neurotoxins exert their effects by targeting ion channels resulting in toxic effects to mammals, insects and crustaceans. Tb II-I, a fraction isolated from Tityus bahiensis scorpion venom, was investigated for its ability to induce neurological and immune-inflammatory effects. Two putative \u03b2-sodium channel toxins were identified in this fraction, Tb2 II and Tb 4, the latter having been completely sequenced by mass spectrometry. Male Wistar rats, stereotaxically implanted with intrahippocampal cannulas and electrodes, were injected with Tb II-I (2 \u00b5g\/2 \u00b5L) via the intrahippocampal route. The behavior, electrographic activity and cellular integrity of the animals were analyzed and the intracerebral level of cytokines determined. Tb II-I injection induced seizures and damage in the hippocampus. These alterations were correlated with the changes in the level of the cytokines tumoral necrosis factor-\u03b1 (TNF-\u03b1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Therefore, the binding of Tb II-I to its target in the central nervous system may induce inflammation resulting in neuropathological and behavioral alterations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10060250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]],"date-time":"2018-06-19T11:20:36Z","timestamp":1529407236000},"page":"250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Tb II-I, a Fraction Isolated from Tityus bahiensis Scorpion Venom, Alters Cytokines\u2019: Level and Induces Seizures When Intrahippocampally Injected in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Emidio","family":"Beraldo Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7296-5475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Douglas O. C.","family":"Mariano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lucas A.","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana L. C.","family":"Dorce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriana N.","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniel C.","family":"Pimenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernanda C. V.","family":"Portaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Cajado-Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immunochemistry, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0626-0693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valquiria A. C.","family":"Dorce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana L. A.","family":"Nencioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, Butantan Institute, Av. Dr. Vital Brazil 1500, S\u00e3o Paulo 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.2174\/092986609788923329","article-title":"Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom and toxins: An overview","volume":"16","author":"Cologna","year":"2009","journal-title":"Protein Pept. 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