{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T08:07:57Z","timestamp":1790842077936,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":206,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,22]],"date-time":"2018-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532217600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Individuals at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing cognitive disorders and dementia. Stroke is also highly prevalent in this population and is associated with a higher risk of neurological deterioration, in-hospital mortality, and poor functional outcomes. Evidence from in vitro studies and in vivo animal experiments suggests that accumulation of uremic toxins may contribute to the pathogenesis of stroke and amplify vascular damage, leading to cognitive disorders and dementia. This review summarizes current evidence on the mechanisms by which uremic toxins may favour the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases and neurological complications in CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10070303","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,24]],"date-time":"2018-07-24T02:58:56Z","timestamp":1532401136000},"page":"303","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["The Impact of Uremic Toxins on Cerebrovascular and Cognitive Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Maryam","family":"Assem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathilde","family":"Lando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Department, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Grissi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 80054 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa\u00efd","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 80054 Amiens, France"},{"name":"Biochemistry Laboratory, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziad A.","family":"Massy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Ambroise Par\u00e9 University Hospital, APHP, Boulogne-Billancourt, 92100 Paris, France"},{"name":"Inserm U1018, Team 5, CESP, UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, 94800 Villejuif, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1610-9935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Chillon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 80054 Amiens, France"},{"name":"DRCI, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucie","family":"H\u00e9naut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MP3CV, EA7517, CURS, Jules Verne University of Picardie, 80054 Amiens, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.11601112","article-title":"Systematic review of structural and functional neuroimaging findings in children and adults with CKD","volume":"8","author":"Moodalbail","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. 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