{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T15:52:10Z","timestamp":1792857130044,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1536537600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Diagnostic tests for arachnid accidents remain unavailable for patients and clinicians. Together with snakes, these accidents are still a global medical concern, and are recognized as neglected tropical issues. Due to arachnid toxins\u2019 fast mechanism of action, quick detection and quantification of venom is required to accelerate treatment decisions, rationalize therapy, and reduce costs and patient risks. This review aims to understand the current limitations for arachnid venom identification and quantification in biological samples. We benchmarked the already existing initiatives regarding test requirements (sample or biomarkers of choice), performances (time, detection limit, sensitivity and specificity) and their validation (on animal models or on samples from envenomed humans). Our analysis outlines unmet needs for improving diagnosis and consequently treatment of arachnid accidents. Hence, based on lessons from past attempts, we propose a road map for raising best practice guidelines, leading to recommendations for future progress in the development of arachnid diagnostic assays.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10090365","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]],"date-time":"2018-09-10T10:28:57Z","timestamp":1536575337000},"page":"365","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Venomous Arachnid Diagnostic Assays, Lessons from Past Attempts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Camila","family":"Dias-Lopes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270901, Brazil"},{"name":"Col\u00e9gio T\u00e9cnico (COLTEC), UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Luiza","family":"Paiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte 30510010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clara","family":"Guerra-Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Ezequiel Dias (FUNED), Belo Horizonte 30510010, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Franck","family":"Molina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sys2Diag UMR 9005 CNRS Alcediag, 34000 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liza","family":"Felicori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, UFMG, Belo Horizonte 31270901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s40409-015-0028-5","article-title":"Arachnids of medical importance in Brazil: Main active compounds present in scorpion and spider venoms and tick saliva","volume":"21","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. 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