{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T03:28:52Z","timestamp":1790998132322,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Nature Science Foundation of China","award":["31602127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31602127"]}]},{"name":"Youth Innovative Talent Foundation of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University of China","award":["CXRC2017008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CXRC2017008"]}]},{"name":"Postdoctoral Program Foundation of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University of China","award":["LRB15-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LRB15-23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a mycotoxin found in food and feed, is immunotoxic to animals and poses significant threat to the food industry and animal production. The primary target of AFB1 is the liver. To overcome aflatoxin toxicity, probiotic-mediated detoxification has been proposed. In the present study, to investigate the protective effects and molecular mechanisms of Lactobacillus bulgaricus or Lactobacillus rhamnosus against liver inflammatory responses to AFB1, mice were administered with AFB1 (300 \u03bcg\/kg) and\/or Lactobacillus intragastrically for 8 weeks. AML12 cells were cultured and treated with AFB1, BAY 11-7082 (an NF-\u03baB inhibitor), and different concentrations of L. bulgaricus or L. rhamnosus. The body weight, liver index, histopathological changes, biochemical indices, cytokines, cytotoxicity, and activation of the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway were measured. AFB1 exposure caused changes in liver histopathology and biochemical functions, altered inflammatory response, and activated the NF-\u03baB pathway. Supplementation of L. bulgaricus or L. rhamnosus significantly prevented AFB1-induced liver injury and alleviated histopathological changes and inflammatory response by decreasing NF-\u03baB p65 expression. The results of in vitro experiments revealed that L. rhamnosus evidently protected against AFB1-induced inflammatory response and decreased NF-\u03baB p65 expression when compared with L. bulgaricus. These findings indicated that AFB1 exposure can cause inflammatory response by inducing hepatic injury, and supplementation of L. bulgaricus or L. rhamnosus can produce significant protective effect against AFB1-induced liver damage and inflammatory response by regulating the activation of the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11010017","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T11:34:26Z","timestamp":1546601666000},"page":"17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Lactobacillus bulgaricus or Lactobacillus rhamnosus Suppresses NF-\u03baB Signaling Pathway and Protects against AFB1-Induced Hepatitis: A Novel Potential Preventive Strategy for Aflatoxicosis?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruirui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiaocheng","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanmin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuang","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing High-Tech Industrial Development Zone, Daqing 163319, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.5.1106","article-title":"Human aflatoxicosis in developing countries: A review of toxicology, exposure, potential health consequences and interventions","volume":"80","author":"Williams","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. 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