{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T13:31:46Z","timestamp":1791725506219,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546560000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["474691\/2012-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["474691\/2012-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of phytic acid (IP6) on morphological and immunohistochemical parameters and oxidative stress response in intestinal explants of pigs exposed to fumonisin B1 (FB1) and\/or deoxynivalenol (DON). The jejunal explants were exposed to the following treatments: vehicle, IP6 5 mM, DON 10 \u00b5M, FB1 70 \u00b5M, DON 10 \u00b5M + FB1 70 \u00b5M, DON 10 \u00b5M + IP6 5 mM, FB1 70 \u00b5M + IP6 5 mM, and DON 10 \u00b5M + FB1 70 \u00b5M + IP6 5 mM. The decrease in villus height and goblet cell density was more evident in DON and DON + FB1 treatments. In addition, a significant increase in cell apoptosis and cell proliferation and a decrease in E-cadherin expression were observed in the same groups. DON and FB1 exposure increased cyclooxygenase-2 expression and decreased the cellular antioxidant capacity. An increase in lipid peroxidation was observed in DON- and FB1-treated groups. IP6 showed beneficial effects, such as a reduction in intestinal morphological changes, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression, and an increase in E-cadherin expression when compared with DON, FB1 alone, or DON and FB1 in association. IP6 inhibited oxidative stress and increased the antioxidant capacity in the explants exposed to mycotoxins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11010018","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]],"date-time":"2019-01-04T11:34:26Z","timestamp":1546601666000},"page":"18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Phytic Acid Decreases Oxidative Stress and Intestinal Lesions Induced by Fumonisin B1 and Deoxynivalenol in Intestinal Explants of Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Elis\u00e2ngela O.","family":"Da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Anatomia Patol\u00f3gica Veterin\u00e1ria, Universidade do Oeste Paulista, Presidente Prudente, S\u00e3o Paulo 19050-920, Brazil"},{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paran\u00e1 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juliana R.","family":"Gerez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paran\u00e1 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam S. N.","family":"Hohmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paran\u00e1 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2756-9283","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Waldiceu A.","family":"Verri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paran\u00e1 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5407-2582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula F. R. L.","family":"Bracarense","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, Paran\u00e1 86057-970, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2015.02.005","article-title":"In vivo toxicity studies of Fusarium mycotoxins in the last decade: A review","volume":"78","author":"Font","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33933","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.15422","article-title":"T-2 mycotoxin: Toxicological effects and decontamination strategies","volume":"8","author":"Adhikari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alshannaq, A., and Yu, J.-H. (2017). 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