{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:34:43Z","timestamp":1789439683804,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1548288000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The National Science Foundation Project","award":["31800655"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31800655"]}]},{"name":"The National Science Foundation Project","award":["31770832"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31770832"]}]},{"name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Project","award":["2018M632968"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018M632968"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Selenocosmia jiafu (S. jiafu) has been recently identified as a new species of spider in China. It lives in the same habitat as various other venomous spiders, including Chilobrachys jingzhao (C. jingzhao), Selenocosmia huwena (S. huwena), and Macrothele raveni (M. raveni). The venom from these different species of spiders exhibits some similarities and some differences in terms of their biochemical and electrophysiological properties. With the objective to illustrate the diversity in venom peptide toxins and to establish the evolutionary relationship between different spider species, we first performed transcriptomic analysis on a cDNA library from the venom gland of S. jiafu. We identified 146 novel toxin-like sequences, which were classified into eighteen different superfamilies. This transcriptome was then compared with that of C. jingzhao, which revealed that the putative toxins from both spider venoms may have originated from the same ancestor, although novel toxins evolved independently in the two species. A BLAST search and pharmacological analysis revealed that the two venoms have similar sodium channel modulation activity. This study provides insights into the venom of two closely related species of spider, which will prove useful towards understanding the structure and function of their toxins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11020068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]],"date-time":"2019-01-24T11:12:48Z","timestamp":1548328368000},"page":"68","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Transcriptomic Analysis of the Spider Venom Gland Reveals Venom Diversity and Species Consanguinity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Zhaotun","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Research and Utilization of Ethnomedicinal Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biological and Food Engineering, Huaihua University, Huaihua 418008, China"},{"name":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhonghua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-ento-011613-162046","article-title":"Systematics, phylogeny, and evolution of orb-weaving spiders","volume":"59","author":"Hormiga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Annu. 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