{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:56:22Z","timestamp":1792806982480,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,10]],"date-time":"2019-03-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1552176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan.","award":["15K07805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K07805"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/048rj2z13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan","award":["JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 15K07805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 15K07805"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/048rj2z13","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Comprehensive LC-MS and MS\/MS analysis of the crude venom extract from the solitary eumenine wasp Eumenes micado revealed the component profile of this venom mostly consisted of small peptides. The major peptide components, eumenine mastoparan-EM1 (EMP-EM1: LKLMGIVKKVLGAL-NH2) and eumenine mastoparan-EM2 (EMP-EM2: LKLLGIVKKVLGAI-NH2), were purified and characterized by the conventional method. The sequences of these new peptides are homologous to mastoparans, the mast cell degranulating peptides from social wasp venoms; they are 14 amino acid residues in length, rich in hydrophobic and basic amino acids, and C-terminal amidated. Accordingly, these new peptides can belong to mastoparan peptides (in other words, linear cationic \u03b1-helical peptides). Indeed, the CD spectra of these new peptides showed predominantly \u03b1-helix conformation in TFE and SDS. In biological evaluation, both peptides exhibited potent antibacterial activity, moderate degranulation activity from rat peritoneal mast cells, and significant leishmanicidal activity, while they showed virtually no hemolytic activity on human or mouse erythrocytes. These results indicated that EMP-EM peptides rather strongly associated with bacterial cell membranes rather than mammalian cell membranes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11030155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,12]],"date-time":"2019-03-12T03:49:31Z","timestamp":1552362571000},"page":"155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["New Mastoparan Peptides in the Venom of the Solitary Eumenine Wasp Eumenes micado"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Katsuhiro","family":"Konno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Kazuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo SP 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joacir","family":"Stolarz-de-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Physiology and Animal Toxins, Federal University of West Par\u00e1, Santar\u00e9m PA 68040-070, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2541-9919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Renato","family":"Fontana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Santa Cruz, Ilh\u00e9us BA 45662-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marii","family":"Kawano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6302-4507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Fuchino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izumi","family":"Hide","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Pharmacological Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Yasuhara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbial Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8641, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Nakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical &amp; Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1942","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.27.1942","article-title":"A new mast cell degranulating peptide \u201cmastoparan\u201d in the venom of Vespula lewisii","volume":"27","author":"Hirai","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chem. 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