{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:12:17Z","timestamp":1787029937186,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]],"date-time":"2019-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1560297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004263","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EDITAL N\u00ba 187\/2018 PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIA\u00c7\u00c3O CIENT\u00cdFICA (PROBIC) FAPERGS\/UNIPAMPA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EDITAL N\u00ba 187\/2018 PROGRAMA INSTITUCIONAL DE BOLSAS DE INICIA\u00c7\u00c3O CIENT\u00cdFICA (PROBIC) FAPERGS\/UNIPAMPA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004263","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>MiDCA1, a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) neurotoxin isolated from Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda coral snake venom, inhibited a major component of voltage-activated potassium (Kv) currents (41 \u00b1 3% inhibition with 1 \u03bcM toxin) in mouse cultured dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. In addition, the selective Kv2.1 channel blocker guangxitoxin (GxTx-1E) and MiDCA1 competitively inhibited the outward potassium current in DRG neurons. MiDCA1 (1 \u00b5M) reversibly inhibited the Kv2.1 current by 55 \u00b1 8.9% in a Xenopus oocyte heterologous system. The toxin showed selectivity for Kv2.1 channels over all the other Kv channels tested in this study. We propose that Kv2.1 channel blockade by MiDCA1 underlies the toxin\u2019s action on acetylcholine release at mammalian neuromuscular junctions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11060335","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]],"date-time":"2019-06-12T10:55:19Z","timestamp":1560336919000},"page":"335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Inhibition of Kv2.1 Potassium Channels by MiDCA1, A Pre-Synaptically Active PLA2-Type Toxin from Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda Coral Snake Venom"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Niklas","family":"Sch\u00fctter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of the Saarland, D-66421 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuri Correia","family":"Barreto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Biotechnology (CIPBiotec), Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus S\u00e3o Gabriel, S\u00e3o Gabriel 97300-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vitya","family":"Vardanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Neuroscience Group, Institute of Molecular Biology NAS RA, Hastratyan 7, Yerevan 0014, Armenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00f6nke","family":"Hornig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Molecular Neurobiology Hamburg, Experimental Neuropediatrics, UKE Hamburg, 20251 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Hyslop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tess\u00e1lia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Marangoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L\u00e9a","family":"Rodrigues-Simioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tess\u00e1lia Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universit\u00e1ria Zeferino Vaz, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf","family":"Pongs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Cellular Neurophysiology, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine (CIPMM), University of the Saarland, D-66421 Hamburg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7010-6503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ch\u00e1riston Andr\u00e9","family":"Dal Belo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Centre for Research in Biotechnology (CIPBiotec), Federal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus S\u00e3o Gabriel, S\u00e3o Gabriel 97300-000, RS, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06266","article-title":"Portability of paddle motif function and pharmacology in voltage sensors","volume":"450","author":"Alabi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3187","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2010.191973","article-title":"Going native: Voltage-gated potassium channels controlling neuronal excitability","volume":"588","author":"Johnston","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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