{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T02:41:02Z","timestamp":1790736062591,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000009","name":"Foundation for the National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P20 GM103646-06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P20 GM103646-06"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000009","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular facultative pathogen that causes listeriosis, a foodborne zoonotic infection. There are differences in the pathogenic potential of L. monocytogenes subtypes and strains. Comparison of the genome sequences among L. monocytogenes pathogenic strains EGD-e and F2365 with nonpathogenic L. innocua CLIP1182 and L. monocytogenes strain HCC23 revealed a set of proteins that were present in pathogenic strains and had no orthologs among the nonpathogenic strains. Among the candidate virulence factors are five proteins: putrescine carbamoyltransferase; InlH\/InlC2 family class 1 internalin; phosphotransferase system (PTS) fructose transporter subunit EIIC; putative transketolase; and transcription antiterminator BglG family. To determine if these proteins have a role in adherence and invasion of intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells and\/or contribute to virulence, five mutant strains were constructed. F2365\u0394inlC2, F2365\u0394eiic, and F2365\u0394tkt exhibited a significant (p &lt; 0.05) reduction in adhesion to Caco-2 cells compared to parent F2365 strain. The invasion of F2365\u0394aguB, F2365\u0394inlC2, and F2365\u0394bglG decreased significantly (p &lt; 0.05) compared with the parent strain. Bacterial loads in mouse liver and spleen infected by F2365 was significantly (p &lt; 0.05) higher than it was for F2365\u0394aguB, F2365\u0394inlC2, F2365\u0394eiic, F2365\u0394tkt, and F2365\u0394bglG strains. This study demonstrates that aguB, inlC2, eiic, tkt, and bglG play a role in L. monocytogenes pathogenicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11090508","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]],"date-time":"2019-08-30T10:31:17Z","timestamp":1567161077000},"page":"508","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Validation of Predicted Virulence Factors in Listeria monocytogenes Identified Using Comparative Genomics"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hossam","family":"Abdelhamed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reshma","family":"Ramachandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6845-3346","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Attila","family":"Karsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0505.990502","article-title":"Food-related illness and death in the United States","volume":"5","author":"Mead","year":"1999","journal-title":"Emerg. 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