{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T14:09:37Z","timestamp":1784038177741,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]],"date-time":"2019-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1569283200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001700","name":"Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15K07805"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15K07805"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Solitary wasps use their stinging venoms for paralyzing insect or spider prey and feeding them to their larvae. We have surveyed bioactive substances in solitary wasp venoms, and found antimicrobial peptides together with some other bioactive peptides. Eumenine mastoparan-AF (EMP-AF) was the first to be found from the venom of the solitary eumenine wasp Anterhynchium flavomarginatum micado, showing antimicrobial, histamine-releasing, and hemolytic activities, and adopting an \u03b1-helical secondary structure under appropriate conditions. Further survey of solitary wasp venom components revealed that eumenine wasp venoms contained such antimicrobial \u03b1-helical peptides as the major peptide component. This review summarizes the results obtained from the studies of these peptides in solitary wasp venoms and some analogs from the viewpoint of (1) chemical and biological characterization; (2) physicochemical properties and secondary structure; and (3) channel-like pore-forming properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11100559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,25]],"date-time":"2019-09-25T03:51:18Z","timestamp":1569383478000},"page":"559","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Antimicrobial \u03b1-Helical Peptides Found in Solitary Wasp Venoms and Their Interactions with Model Membranes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7443-2883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcia Perez","family":"dos Santos Cabrera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, IBILCE, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunopathology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, Sao Paulo, SP 05503-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2283-3316","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o","family":"Ruggiero Neto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physics, IBILCE, S\u00e3o Paulo State University, S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto, SP 15054-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1949-1845","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katsuhiro","family":"Konno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Natural Medicine, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D1087","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkv1278","article-title":"APD3: The antimicrobial peptide database as a tool for research and education","volume":"44","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2019.04.012","article-title":"The vast structural diversity of antimicrobial peptides","volume":"40","author":"Koehbach","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol. 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