{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,26]],"date-time":"2025-10-26T15:01:17Z","timestamp":1761490877989,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]],"date-time":"2019-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1570665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013494","name":"West Light Foundation of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y902441081"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y902441081"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019378"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019378"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31900331","21761142002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31900331","21761142002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008871","name":"Yunnan Provincial Science and Technology Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2015HA023 and 2019ZF003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015HA023 and 2019ZF003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XDB31000000, SAJC201606 and KGFZD-135-17-011"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XDB31000000, SAJC201606 and KGFZD-135-17-011"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Flaviviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses predominantly transmitted by the widely distributed Aedes mosquitoes in nature. As important human pathogens, the geographic reach of Flaviviruses and their threats to public health are increasing, but there is currently no approved specific drug for treatment. In recent years, the development of peptide antivirals has gained much attention. Natural host defense peptides which uniquely evolved to protect the hosts have been shown to have antiviral properties. In this study, we firstly collected the venom of the Alopecosa nagpag spider from Shangri-La County, Yunnan Province. A defense peptide named Av-LCTX-An1a (Antiviral-Lycotoxin-An1a) was identified from the spider venom, and its anti-dengue serotype-2 virus (DENV2) activity was verified in vitro. Moreover, a real-time fluorescence-based protease inhibition assay showed that An1a functions as a DENV2 NS2B\u2013NS3 protease inhibitor. Furthermore, we also found that An1a restricts zika virus (ZIKV) infection by inhibiting the ZIKV NS2B\u2013NS3 protease. Together, our findings not only demonstrate that An1a might be a candidate for anti-flavivirus drug but also indicate that spider venom is a potential resource library rich in antiviral precursor molecules.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11100584","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,11]],"date-time":"2019-10-11T03:07:11Z","timestamp":1570763231000},"page":"584","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["An Antiviral Peptide from Alopecosa nagpag Spider Targets NS2B\u2013NS3 Protease of Flaviviruses"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mengyao","family":"Ji","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences\/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tengyu","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences\/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Meichen","family":"Xing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences\/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Luan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences\/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiuwen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guoxiang","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mingqiang","family":"Rong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The National &amp; Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Peptide Drug Development, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, Hunan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bowen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences\/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences\/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"},{"name":"KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"},{"name":"Sino-African Joint Research Center, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"},{"name":"Institute for Drug Discovery and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China"},{"name":"Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.44, Xiaohongshan, Wuchang District\/Huangjin Industrial Park, Zhengdian Street, Jiangxia District, Wuhan 430207, Hubei, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6273-9140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lin","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences\/Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, Yunnan, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4448","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrev.7b00719","article-title":"Biochemistry and molecular biology of flaviviruses","volume":"118","author":"Barrows","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chem. 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