{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T18:09:28Z","timestamp":1790100568589,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]],"date-time":"2019-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Conseller\u00eda do Mar. Xunta de Galicia","award":["MADETOX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MADETOX"]}]},{"name":"Conseller\u00eda do Mar. Xunta de Galicia","award":["Monitoring Intecmar"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Monitoring Intecmar"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Galicia is an area with a strong mussel aquaculture industry in addition to other important bivalve mollusc fisheries. Between 2014 and 2017, 18,862 samples were analyzed for EU regulated marine lipophilic toxins. Okadaic acid (OA) was the most prevalent toxin and the only single toxin that produced harvesting closures. Toxin concentrations in raft mussels were generally higher than those recorded in other bivalves, justifying the use of this species as an indicator. The R\u00edas of Pontevedra and Muros were the ones most affected by OA and DTX2 and the R\u00eda of Ares by YTXs. In general, the outer areas of the R\u00edas were more affected by OA and DTX2 than the inner ones. The OA level reached a maximum in spring, while DTX2 was almost entirely restricted to the fall\u2013winter season. YTXs peaked in August\u2013September. The toxins of the OA group were nearly completely esterified in all the bivalves studied except mussels and queen scallops. Risk of intoxication with the current monitoring system is low. In less than 2% of cases did the first detection of OA in an area exceed the regulatory limit. In no case, could any effect on humans be expected. The apparent intoxication and depuration rates were similar and directly related, suggesting that the rates are regulated mainly by oceanographic characteristics.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11100612","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,23]],"date-time":"2019-10-23T11:46:59Z","timestamp":1571831219000},"page":"612","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Lipophilic Toxins in Galicia (NW Spain) between 2014 and 2017: Incidence on the Main Molluscan Species and Analysis of the Monitoring Efficiency"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2123-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Blanco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3ns Mari\u00f1as (CIMA), Conseller\u00eda do Mar. Xunta de Galicia. Pedras de Cor\u00f3n s\/n, 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Ar\u00e9valo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3xico para o Control do Medio Mari\u00f1o de Galicia (INTECMAR), Conseller\u00eda do Mar. Xunta de Galicia. Peirao de Vilaxo\u00e1n s\/n, 36611 Vilagarc\u00eda de Arousa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorge","family":"Correa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3xico para o Control do Medio Mari\u00f1o de Galicia (INTECMAR), Conseller\u00eda do Mar. Xunta de Galicia. Peirao de Vilaxo\u00e1n s\/n, 36611 Vilagarc\u00eda de Arousa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngeles","family":"Moro\u00f1o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Tecnol\u00f3xico para o Control do Medio Mari\u00f1o de Galicia (INTECMAR), Conseller\u00eda do Mar. Xunta de Galicia. Peirao de Vilaxo\u00e1n s\/n, 36611 Vilagarc\u00eda de Arousa, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.4319\/lo.1997.42.5_part_2.1137","article-title":"Harmful algal blooms: Their ecophysiology and general relevance to phytoplankton blooms in the sea","volume":"42","author":"Smayda","year":"1997","journal-title":"Limnol. Oceanogr."},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Harmful algal blooms: A global overview","volume":"Volume 33","author":"Hallegraeff","year":"2003","journal-title":"Manual on Harmful Marine Microalgae"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Blanco, J. (2018). Accumulation of Dinophysis Toxins in Bivalve Molluscs. Toxins, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins10110453"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gosling, E. (2015). 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