{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:59:09Z","timestamp":1777503549397,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]],"date-time":"2020-03-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2017\/02314-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2017\/02314-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["#2014\/07125-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2014\/07125-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["---"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["---"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tityus serrulatus causes numerous scorpion envenomation accidents and deaths worldwide. The symptoms vary from local to systemic manifestations, culminating in pulmonary edema and cardiogenic shock. Among these events, transitory hyperglycemia is a severe manifestation that influences pulmonary edema, hemodynamic alterations, and cardiac disturbances. However, the molecular mechanism that leads to increased glucose levels after T. serrulatus envenomation remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate our hypothesis that hyperglycemia due to scorpion envenomation involves inflammatory signaling in the pancreas. The present study showed that T. serrulatus venom induces the production of IL-1\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2 in the pancreas, which signal via IL-1R and provoke nitric oxide (NO) production as well as edema in \u03b2-cells in islets. Il1r1\u2212\/\u2212 mice were protected from transitory hyperglycemia and did not present disturbances in insulin levels in the serum. These results suggest that the pathway driven by IL-1\u03b1\/IL-1\u03b2-IL-1R-NO inhibits insulin release by \u03b2-cells, which increases systemic glucose concentration during severe scorpion envenomation. A supportive therapy that inhibits NO production, combined with antiserum, may help to prevent fatal outcomes of scorpion envenomation. Our findings provide novel insights into the design of supportive therapy with NO inhibitors combined with antiscorpion venom serum to overcome fatal outcomes of scorpion envenomation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12030163","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,6]],"date-time":"2020-03-06T07:33:46Z","timestamp":1583480026000},"page":"163","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interleukin-1 Receptor-Induced Nitric Oxide Production in the Pancreas Controls Hyperglycemia Caused by Scorpion Envenomation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7074-6532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mouzarllem B.","family":"Reis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Toxicol\u00f3gicas e Bromatol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5794-6583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jefferson","family":"Elias-Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Toxicol\u00f3gicas e Bromatol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcella R.","family":"Pastore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Toxicol\u00f3gicas e Bromatol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simone G.","family":"Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patologia e Medicina Legal, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, S\u00e3o Paulo 14049-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9027-2688","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz G.","family":"Gardinassi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Toxicol\u00f3gicas e Bromatol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4999-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L\u00facia H.","family":"Faccioli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de An\u00e1lises Cl\u00ednicas, Toxicol\u00f3gicas e Bromatol\u00f3gicas, Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias Farmac\u00eauticas de Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 14040-903, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1401108","article-title":"Scorpion envenomation","volume":"371","author":"Isbister","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. 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