{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T11:01:32Z","timestamp":1790506892863,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]],"date-time":"2020-05-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589328000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"France and French Polynesia","award":["CARISTO-Pf (7937\/MSR\/REC)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARISTO-Pf (7937\/MSR\/REC)"]}]},{"name":"France","award":["CYANOTOX (AFD CPF 1440 01 N)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CYANOTOX (AFD CPF 1440 01 N)"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Ciguatera poisoning is a foodborne illness caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates from the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. The suitability of Solid Phase Adsorption Toxin Tracking (SPATT) technology for the monitoring of dissolved CTXs in the marine environment has recently been demonstrated. To refine the use of this passive monitoring tool in ciguateric areas, the effects of deployment time and sampler format on the adsorption of CTXs by HP20 resin were assessed in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia), a well-known ciguatera hotspot. Toxicity data assessed by means of the mouse neuroblastoma cell-based assay (CBA-N2a) showed that a 24 h deployment of 2.5 g of resin allowed concentrating quantifiable amounts of CTXs on SPATT samplers. The CTX levels varied with increasing deployment time, resin load, and surface area. In addition to CTXs, okadaic acid (OA) and dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX1) were also detected in SPATT extracts using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS), consistent with the presence of Gambierdiscus and Prorocentrum species in the environment, as assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and high-throughput sequencing (HTS) metabarcoding analyses conducted on passive window screen (WS) artificial substrate samples. Although these preliminary findings await further confirmation in follow-up studies, they highlight the usefulness of SPATT samplers in the routine surveillance of CP risk on a temporal scale, and the monitoring of other phycotoxin-related risks in ciguatera-prone areas.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12050321","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,14]],"date-time":"2020-05-14T02:55:41Z","timestamp":1589424941000},"page":"321","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Assessment of Ciguatera and Other Phycotoxin-Related Risks in Anaho Bay (Nuku Hiva Island, French Polynesia): Molecular, Toxicological, and Chemical Analyses of Passive Samplers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7503-4633","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e9lanie","family":"Rou\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut de Recherche pour le D\u00e9veloppement, UMR 241 EIO, 98702 Faa\u2019a, Tahiti, French Polynesia"},{"name":"Institut Louis Malard\u00e9, UMR 241 EIO, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty F.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7042, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5105-6467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoella","family":"Sibat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ifremer, DYNECO, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00f4me","family":"Viallon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Louis Malard\u00e9, UMR 241 EIO, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K\u00e9vin","family":"Henry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Louis Malard\u00e9, UMR 241 EIO, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Ung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Louis Malard\u00e9, UMR 241 EIO, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Biessy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cawthron Institute, Nelson 7042, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9047-1345","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp","family":"Hess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ifremer, DYNECO, 44000 Nantes, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1184-7034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Taiana","family":"Darius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Louis Malard\u00e9, UMR 241 EIO, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6560-1278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireille","family":"Chinain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Louis Malard\u00e9, UMR 241 EIO, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kudela, R.M., Berdalet, E., Bernard, S., Burford, M., Fernand, L., Lu, S., Roy, S., Tester, P.A., Usup, G., and Magnien, R. 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