{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T01:38:41Z","timestamp":1790473121004,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":140,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]],"date-time":"2020-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589500800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Apoptosis, a genetically directed process of cell death, has been studied for many years, and the biochemical mechanisms that surround it are well known and described. There are at least three pathways by which apoptosis occurs, and each pathway depends on extra or intracellular processes for activation. Apoptosis is a vital process, but disturbances in proliferation and cell death rates can lead to the development of diseases like cancer. Several compounds, isolated from scorpion venoms, exhibit inhibitory effects on different cancer cells. Indeed, some of these compounds can differentiate between healthy and cancer cells within the same tissue. During the carcinogenic process, morphological, biochemical, and biological changes occur that enable these compounds to modulate cancer but not healthy cells. This review highlights cancer cell features that enable modulation by scorpion neurotoxins. The properties of the isolated scorpion neurotoxins in cancer cells and the potential uses of these compounds as alternative treatments for cancer are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12050326","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,18]],"date-time":"2020-05-18T11:34:14Z","timestamp":1589801654000},"page":"326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Scorpion Toxins and Ion Channels: Potential Applications in Cancer Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rosa Amalia","family":"Due\u00f1as-Cuellar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia DF 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Brazilian Center for Protein Research, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia DF 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Research Group on Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cauca, 5th Street # 4-70, Popay\u00e1n 190001, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9781-3670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carlos Jos\u00e9 Correia","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia DF 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Brazilian Center for Protein Research, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia DF 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1776-2426","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Carolina Martins","family":"Magalh\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia DF 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9875-9407","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Osmindo Rodrigues","family":"Pires","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia DF 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wagner","family":"Fontes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brazilian Center for Protein Research, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia DF 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana S.","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxinology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia DF 70910-900, Brazil"},{"name":"Brazilian Center for Protein Research, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Bras\u00edlia, Bras\u00edlia DF 70910-900, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410000193","article-title":"The morphology of apoptosis","volume":"301","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0901217","article-title":"Cell death","volume":"361","author":"Hotchkiss","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. 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