{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T19:07:23Z","timestamp":1787771243249,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Cobra snakes, including Naja mossambica and Naja nigricincta nigricincta, are one of the major groups of snakes responsible for snakebites in southern Africa, producing significant cytotoxicity and tissue damage. The venom of N. mossambica has been briefly characterised, but that of N. n. nigricincta is not reported. The current study identifies the venom proteins of N. mossambica and N. n. nigricincta. This is achieved using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel eletrophroresis (PAGE), followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS\/MS). Most of the proteins were less than 17 kDa in both snakes. N. mossambica was found to have 75 proteins in total (from 16 protein families), whereas N.n. nigricincta had 73 (from 16 protein families). Of these identified proteins, 57 were common in both snakes. The proteins identified belonged to various families, including the three-finger toxins (3FTx), Cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRiSP), Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and Venom metalloproteinase M12B (SVMP). The current study contributes to the profile knowledge of snake venom compositions, which is of fundamental value in understanding the proteins that play a major role in envenomation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12080520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]],"date-time":"2020-08-14T08:28:35Z","timestamp":1597393715000},"page":"520","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Protein Identification of Venoms of the African Spitting Cobras, Naja mossambica and Naja nigricincta nigricincta"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2190-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ottilie","family":"Katali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek 9000, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9394-8372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Loide","family":"Shipingana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek 9000, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7094-6569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Nyarang\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek 9000, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirva","family":"P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3184-3938","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erastus","family":"Haindongo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek 9000, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4638-2126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Timothy","family":"Rennie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek 9000, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"James","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and \u00c5bo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland"},{"name":"Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, \u00c5bo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4744-463X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian John","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Namibia, Windhoek 9000, Namibia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.4038\/cmj.v58i3.6101","article-title":"Snakebite: The true disease burden has yet to be determined","volume":"58","author":"Kasturiratne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ceylon Med. 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