{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T01:13:52Z","timestamp":1788570832685,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1597622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"New Zealand Ministry for Business, Innovation and Employment","award":["C10X1403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["C10X1403"]}]},{"name":"Grasslanz Technology","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012585","name":"PGG Wrightson Seeds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["No grant number"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No grant number"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012585","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Epoxyjanthitrems I\u2013IV (1\u20134) and epoxyjanthitriol (5) were isolated from seed of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) infected with the endophytic fungus Epichlo\u00eb festucae var. lolii. Although structures for epoxyjanthitrems I\u2013IV have previously been proposed in the literature, this is the first report of a full structural elucidation yielding NMR (Nuclear magnetic resonance) assignments for all five epoxyjanthitrem compounds, and additionally, it is the first isolation of epoxyjanthitriol (5). Epoxyjanthitrem I induced tremors in mice and gave a dose dependent reduction in weight gain and feeding for porina (Wiseana cervinata), a common pasture pest in New Zealand. These data suggest that epoxyjanthitrems are involved in the observed effects of the AR37 endophyte on livestock and insect pests.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12080526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]],"date-time":"2020-08-17T21:58:53Z","timestamp":1597701533000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Identification and Structure Elucidation of Epoxyjanthitrems from Lolium perenne Infected with the Endophytic Fungus Epichlo\u00eb festucae var. lolii and Determination of the Tremorgenic and Anti-Insect Activity of Epoxyjanthitrem I"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2765-5843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah C.","family":"Finch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mich\u00e8le R.","family":"Prinsep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0201-5308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alison J.","family":"Popay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alistair L.","family":"Wilkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry, School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0967-6395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola G.","family":"Webb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sweta","family":"Bhattarai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanne G.","family":"Jensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan D.","family":"Hawkes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob V.","family":"Babu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ruakura Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Tapper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geoffrey A.","family":"Lane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grasslands Research Centre, AgResearch Ltd., Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3852\/13-251","article-title":"Nomenclatural realignment of Neotyphodium species with genus Epichlo\u00eb","volume":"106","author":"Leuchtmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mycologia"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1039\/c39860000935","article-title":"Peramine, a novel insect feeding deterrent from ryegrass infected with the endophyte Acremonium loliae","volume":"12","author":"Rowan","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. 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