{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,22]],"date-time":"2026-08-22T09:42:13Z","timestamp":1787391733891,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1598486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>To study the jitter parameters in the distant (DM) and the adjacent muscle (AM) after botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT\/A) injection in 78 patients, jitter was measured by voluntary activation in DM (n = 43), and in AM (n = 35). Patients were receiving BoNT\/A injections as a treatment for movement disorders. Mean age 65.1 years (DM) and 61.9 years (AM). The mean jitter was abnormal in 13.9% (maximum 41.4 \u00b5s) of DM, and 40% (maximum 43.7 \u00b5s) of AM. Impulse blocking was sparse. We found no correlation of the mean jitter to age, BoNT\/A most recent injection (days\/units), number of muscles injected, total BoNT\/A units summated, number of total BoNT\/A sessions, beta-blockers\/calcium channel blockers use, and cases with local spread symptoms such as eyelid drop\/difficulty swallowing. Maximum mean jitter (41.4\/43.7 \u00b5s) for DM\/AM occurred 61 and 131 days since the most recent BoNT\/A, respectively. The far abnormal mean jitter (32.6\/36.9 \u00b5s) occurred 229 and 313 days since the most recent BoNT\/A. We suggested that jitter measurement can be done after BoNT\/A in a given muscle other than the injected one, after 8 (DM) and 11 (AM) months, with reference &gt;33 \u00b5s and &gt;37 \u00b5s, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12090549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]],"date-time":"2020-08-27T09:47:02Z","timestamp":1598521622000},"page":"549","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Jitter Evaluation in Distant and Adjacent Muscles after Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection in 78 Cases"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9384-9964","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joao Aris","family":"Kouyoumdjian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Neuromuscular (LIN), Faculdade Estadual Medicina de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto (FAMERP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto SP 15090-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla Renata","family":"Gra\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio Investiga\u00e7\u00e3o Neuromuscular (LIN), Faculdade Estadual Medicina de S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto (FAMERP), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto SP 15090-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabio Nazare","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ci\u00eancias Neurol\u00f3gicas, Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Faculdade Regional de Medicina S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto (FUNFARME), S\u00e3o Jos\u00e9 do Rio Preto SP 15090-000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"924","article-title":"Pharmacologic weakening of extraocular muscles","volume":"12","author":"Scott","year":"1973","journal-title":"Investig. 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