{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T22:51:11Z","timestamp":1777589471388,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Hemiscorpius lepturus scorpion and brown spider Loxosceles intermedia represent a public health problem in Asia and America, respectively. Although distinct, these organisms contain similar toxins responsible for the principal clinical signs of envenomation. To better understand the properties of these toxins, we designed a study to compare recombinant Heminecrolysin (rHNC) and rLiD1, the major phospholipase D toxins of scorpion and spider venom, respectively. Using a competitive ELISA and a hemolytic inhibition test, we come to spot a cross reaction between scorpion and spider venoms along with an epitopic similarity between rHNC and rLiD1 associated with neutralizing antibodies. Results show that the ability of the rHNC to hydrolyze lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is equivalent to that of rLiD1 to hydrolyze sphingomyelin and vice-versa. rHNC exclusively catalyze transphosphatidylation of LPC producing cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA). The in-silico analysis of hydrogen bonds between LPC and toxins provides a possible explanation for the higher transphosphatidylase activity of rHNC. Interestingly, for the first time, we reveal that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) can be a substrate for both enzymes using cellular and enzymatic assays. The finding of the usage of LPA as a substrate as well as the formation of cPA as an end product could shed more light on the molecular basis of Hemiscorpius lepturus envenomation as well as on loxoscelism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12100631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T09:04:12Z","timestamp":1601543052000},"page":"631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Antigenic and Substrate Preference Differences between Scorpion and Spider Dermonecrotic Toxins, a Comparative Investigation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Ramla","family":"Ben Yekhlef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Venins et Biomol\u00e9cules Th\u00e9rapeutiques LR16IPT08, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liza","family":"Felicori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Universida de Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6910-0697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucianna Helene","family":"Santos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Universida de Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Camila","family":"F. B. Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Universida de Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raoudha","family":"Fadhloun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Venins et Biomol\u00e9cules Th\u00e9rapeutiques LR16IPT08, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elham","family":"Torabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venom and Biotherapeutic Molecules Lab., Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Delavar","family":"Shahbazzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venom and Biotherapeutic Molecules Lab., Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamran","family":"Pooshang Bagheri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Venom and Biotherapeutic Molecules Lab., Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran 13169-43551, Iran"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rafaela","family":"Salgado Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Bioqu\u00edmica e Imunologia, Universida de Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 31270-901, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lamia","family":"Borchani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Venins et Biomol\u00e9cules Th\u00e9rapeutiques LR16IPT08, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"327","article-title":"Clinical study of Hemiscorpius lepturus sting in Iran","volume":"93","author":"Radmanesh","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am. 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