{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T15:01:03Z","timestamp":1778857263586,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Envenomation by viperid snakes may lead to severe bleeding, consumption coagulopathy, and thrombotic microangiopathy symptoms. The exact etiology or toxins responsible for thrombotic microangiopathy symptoms after snake envenomation remain obscure. Snake C-type lectin-like proteins (snaclecs) are one of the main non-enzymatic protein constituents in viper venoms, of which a majority are considered as modulators of thrombosis and hemostasis. In this study, we demonstrated that two snaclecs (mucetin and stejnulxin), isolated and identified from Protobothrops mucrosquamatus and Trimeresurus stejnegeri venoms, directly induced platelet degranulation and clot-retraction in vitro, and microvascular thrombosis has been confirmed in various organs in vivo. These snaclecs reduced cerebral blood flow and impaired motor balance and spatial memories in mice, which partially represent the thrombotic microangiopathy symptoms in some snakebite patients. The functional blocking of these snaclecs with antibodies alleviated the viper venom induced platelet activation and thrombotic microangiopathy-like symptoms. Understanding the pathophysiology of thrombotic microangiopathy associated with snake envenoming may lead to emerging therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins12120749","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]],"date-time":"2020-11-27T09:16:49Z","timestamp":1606468609000},"page":"749","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Potential Role of Platelet-Activating C-Type Lectin-Like Proteins in Viper Envenomation Induced Thrombotic Microangiopathy Symptom"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Chengbo","family":"Long","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province\/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ\/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huiwen","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province\/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ\/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ya","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine of Yunnan Province\/Department of Clinical Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming 650032, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Feilong","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province\/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ\/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Mwangi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province\/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ\/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China"},{"name":"School of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100009, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qiumin","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province\/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ\/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650051, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3441-9673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tarek","family":"Mohamed Abd El-Aziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, USA"},{"name":"Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia 61519, Egypt"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ren","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province\/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ\/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China"},{"name":"Sino-African Joint Research Center, CAS, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Kunming 650223, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4635-5160","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chuanbin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province\/Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human, Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, KIZ\/CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, LKSKI-Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael\u2019s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61754-2","article-title":"Snake bite","volume":"375","author":"Warrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alirol, E., Sharma, S.K., Bawaskar, H.S., Kuch, U., and Chappuis, F. 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