{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T14:45:20Z","timestamp":1774795520408,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609718400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002261","name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["18-04-00994\u0410"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["18-04-00994\u0410"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19-74-30014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19-74-30014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"F.W.O.-Vlaanderen","award":["GOC2319 N, GOA4919 N, G0E7120N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GOC2319 N, GOA4919 N, G0E7120N"]}]},{"name":"KU Leuven funding","award":["PDM\/19\/164"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PDM\/19\/164"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Tibellus oblongus spider is an active predator that does not spin webs and remains poorly investigated in terms of venom composition. Here, we present a new toxin, named Tbo-IT2, predicted by cDNA analysis of venom glands transcriptome. The presence of Tbo-IT2 in the venom was confirmed by proteomic analyses using the LC-MS and MS\/MS techniques. The distinctive features of Tbo-IT2 are the low similarity of primary structure with known animal toxins and the unusual motif of 10 cysteine residues distribution. Recombinant Tbo-IT2 (rTbo-IT2), produced in E. coli using the thioredoxin fusion protein strategy, was structurally and functionally studied. rTbo-IT2 showed insecticidal activity on larvae of the housefly Musca domestica (LD100 200 \u03bcg\/g) and no activity on the panel of expressed neuronal receptors and ion channels. The spatial structure of the peptide was determined in a water solution by NMR spectroscopy. The Tbo-IT2 structure is a new example of evolutionary adaptation of a well-known inhibitor cystine knot (ICK) fold to 5 disulfide bonds configuration, which determines additional conformational stability and gives opportunities for insectotoxicity and probably some other interesting features.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]],"date-time":"2021-01-04T21:58:36Z","timestamp":1609797516000},"page":"29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["New Insectotoxin from Tibellus Oblongus Spider Venom Presents Novel Adaptation of ICK Fold"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8556-5366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuliya","family":"Korolkova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16\/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina","family":"Maleeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16\/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Mikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16\/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 30 Bld. 1, Bolshoy Boulevard, 121205 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Lobas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Leninsky Pr., Bld. 2, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizaveta","family":"Solovyeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Leninsky Pr., Bld. 2, 119334 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Chemical Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutsky Per., 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9572-3452","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail","family":"Gorshkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"V.L. Talrose Institute for Energy Problems of Chemical Physics, N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Leninsky Pr., Bld. 2, 119334 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7628-0980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaroslav","family":"Andreev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16\/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Moscow Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 8 Bld. 2, Trubetskaya Str., 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0504-5702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steve","family":"Peigneur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&amp;N2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jan","family":"Tytgat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toxicology and Pharmacology, University of Leuven (KU Leuven), Campus Gasthuisberg, O&amp;N2, Herestraat 49, P.O. Box 922, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fedor","family":"Kornilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Medicinal Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutsky Per., 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin\u2013Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16\/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vladislav","family":"Lushpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Medicinal Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutsky Per., 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin\u2013Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16\/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Mineev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Medicinal Physics, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), 9 Institutsky Per., 141700 Dolgoprudny, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Structural Biology, Shemyakin\u2013Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16\/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0242-4240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey","family":"Kozlov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry RAS, 16\/10 Miklukho-Maklay Str., 117997 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Langenegger, N., Nentwig, W., and Kuhn-Nentwig, L. 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