{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T23:18:24Z","timestamp":1791501504707,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]],"date-time":"2021-02-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1614124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Iperboreal Pharma, Pescra, Italy","award":["IP-001-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-001-09"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a feasible and effective renal replacement therapy (RRT) thanks to the dialytic properties of the peritoneal membrane (PM). Preservation of PM integrity and transport function is the key to the success of PD therapy, particularly in the long term, since the prolonged exposure to unphysiological hypertonic glucose-based PD solutions in current use is detrimental to the PM, with progressive loss of peritoneal ultrafiltration capacity causing technique failure. Moreover, absorbing too much glucose intraperitoneally from the dialysate may give rise to a number of systemic metabolic effects. Here we report the preliminary results of the first clinical experience based on the use in continuous ambulatory PD (CAPD) patients of novel PD solutions obtained through partly replacing the glucose load with other osmotically active metabolites, such as L-carnitine and xylitol. Ten CAPD patients were treated for four weeks with the new solutions. There was good tolerance to the experimental PD solutions, and no adverse safety signals were observed. Parameters of dialysis efficiency including creatinine clearance and urea Kt\/V proved to be stable as well as fluid status, diuresis, and total peritoneal ultrafiltration. The promising tolerance and local\/systemic advantages of using L-carnitine and xylitol in the PD solution merit further research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13030174","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,26]],"date-time":"2021-02-26T06:47:20Z","timestamp":1614322040000},"page":"174","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["A New Peritoneal Dialysis Solution Containing L-Carnitine and Xylitol for Patients on Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: First Clinical Experience"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Carmela","family":"Rago","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, G. D\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Lombardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, G. D\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giorgia","family":"Di Fulvio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, G. D\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Di Liberato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, G. D\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arduino","family":"Arduini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Research and Development, Iperboreal Pharma, 65100 Pescara, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 C.","family":"Divino-Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Renal Medicine, CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8466-6314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mario","family":"Bonomini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, G. D\u2019Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, SS. Annunziata Hospital, Via dei Vestini, 66013 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s40258-018-00455-2","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of dialysis modalities: A systemic review of 723 economic evaluations","volume":"17","author":"Howell","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Health Econ. Health Policy"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)09410-0","article-title":"Peritoneal dialysis","volume":"353","author":"Gokal","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3238","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016010112","article-title":"The current state of peritoneal dialysis","volume":"27","author":"Mehrotra","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. 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