{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T22:59:23Z","timestamp":1774306763467,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to determine the long-term quality of life (QoL) in hemifacial spasm (HFS) patients after treating with Abo-botulinum toxin A (Abo-BTX). The study assessed the disease-specific QoL (hemifacial spasm questionnaire 30 items; HFS 30), the involuntary movements (abnormal involuntary movement scale; AIMS), general health QoL (Medical Outcomes 36-Item Short Form Health Survey; SF-36), and Depression (the Center of Epidemiologic Studies-Depression questionnaire; CES-D). A total of 74 HFS patients were enrolled from 2012 to 2017. The disease-specific QoL; involuntary movements; and the general health domain of SF 36 were significantly improved after injections of Abo-BTX A in the first few years (p &lt; 0.04), but significantly decreased at the fifth year of treatment without significant clinical resistance observed (p &lt; 0.001). Only the general health domain of SF 36 showed persistent improvement over five years (p = 0.02). In summary, Abo-BTX A can improved quality of life in the first few years; however only the general health domain of SF-36 showed significant improvement over five years (p = 0.02). No clinical resistance was observed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13030215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]],"date-time":"2021-03-16T21:42:41Z","timestamp":1615930961000},"page":"215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The Five-Year Prospective Study of Quality of Life in Hemifacial Spasm Treated with Abo-Botulinum Toxin A"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4613-1730","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subsai","family":"Kongsaengdao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, Department of Medical Services, Public Health Ministry, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"},{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Rangsit University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Narong","family":"Maneeton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6125-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benchalak","family":"Maneeton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199812)21:12<1740::AID-MUS17>3.0.CO;2-V","article-title":"Hemifacial spasm: Clinical findings and treatment","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/95.8.493","article-title":"Hemifacial spasm and involuntary facial movements","volume":"95","author":"Tan","year":"2002","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"291","article-title":"Hemifacial spasm and surgical treatment (microvascular decompression)","volume":"15","author":"Nimmannitya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Thammasat Med J."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.01.010","article-title":"Botulinum toxin improves quality of life in hemifacial spasm: Validation of a questionnaire (HFS-30)","volume":"219","author":"Tan","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. 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