{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T07:15:08Z","timestamp":1793085308894,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]],"date-time":"2021-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616112000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003132","name":"Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UToPaed project, IWT-TBM 150195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UToPaed project, IWT-TBM 150195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003132","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Imbalanced colonic microbial metabolism plays a pivotal role in generating protein-bound uraemic toxins (PBUTs), which accumulate with deteriorating kidney function and contribute to the uraemic burden of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dietary choices impact the gut microbiome and metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between dietary fibre and gut-derived PBUTs in paediatric CKD. Sixty-one (44 male) CKD children (9 \u00b1 5 years) were prospectively followed for two years. Dietary fibre intake was evaluated by either 24-h recalls (73%) or 3-day food records (27%) at the same time of blood sampling for assessment of total and free serum levels of different PBUTs using liquid chromatography. We used linear mixed models to assess associations between fibre intake and PBUT levels. We found an inverse association between increase in fibre consumption (g\/day) and serum concentrations of free indoxyl sulfate (\u22123.1% (\u22125.9%; \u22120.3%) (p = 0.035)), free p-cresyl sulfate (\u22122.5% (\u22124.7%; \u22120.3%) (p = 0.034)), total indole acetic acid (IAA) (\u22121.6% (\u22123.0%; \u22120.3%) (p = 0.020)), free IAA (\u22126.6% (\u22129.3%; \u22123.7%) (p &lt; 0.001)), total serum p-cresyl glucuronide (pCG) (\u22123.0% (\u22125.6%; \u22120.5%) (p = 0.021)) and free pCG levels (\u22123.3% (\u22125.8%; \u22120.8%) (p = 0.010)). The observed associations between dietary fibre intake and the investigated PBUTs highlight potential benefits of fibre intake for the paediatric CKD population. The present observational findings should inform and guide adaptations of dietary prescriptions in children with CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13030225","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,21]],"date-time":"2021-03-21T23:47:41Z","timestamp":1616370461000},"page":"225","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Dietary Fibre Intake Is Associated with Serum Levels of Uraemic Toxins in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2768-9114","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amina","family":"El Amouri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Section, Department of Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2660-7460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelien","family":"Snauwaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Section, Department of Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aur\u00e9lie","family":"Foulon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte","family":"Vande Moortel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Van Dyck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology Section, Department of Paediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven (Campus Gasthuisberg), Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koen","family":"Van Hoeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology Section, Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Godefroid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology Section, Department of Paediatrics, Cliniques Universitaires St. Luc, Universit\u00e9 Catholique Louvain, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7641-4707","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Griet","family":"Glorieux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"Van Biesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Vande Walle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Section, Department of Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7809-2505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ann","family":"Raes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paediatric Nephrology and Rheumatology Section, Department of Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6984-1743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunny","family":"Eloot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nephrology Section, Department of Internal Medicine and Paediatrics, Ghent University Hospital, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011111115","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in children with chronic kidney disease","volume":"23","author":"Mitsnefes","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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