{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T02:28:40Z","timestamp":1789007320049,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617840000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008982","name":"Qatar National Research Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NPRP8-1472-3-290"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NPRP8-1472-3-290"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008982","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mycotoxins are naturally occurring food toxins worldwide that can cause serious health effects. The measurement of mycotoxin biomarkers in biological fluids is needed to assess individuals\u2019 exposure. The aim of this study was to investigate the incidence of mycotoxins in the Qatari population. Serum samples from 412 adults and urinary samples from 559 adults were analyzed for the presence of mycotoxin biomarkers. Multimycotoxin approaches have been applied, using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry methods. Samples were further analyzed for the oxidative stress markers and compared with regard to the incidence of mycotoxins. The presence of mycotoxins was identified in 37% of serum samples and in less than 20% of urine samples. It was found that 88% of positive of the samples were positive for only one mycotoxin, while 12% of positive samples had two or more mycotoxins. Trichothecenes and zearalenone metabolites were most commonly detected mycotoxins, followed by aflatoxins, roquefortine C and mycophenolic acid. The presence of mycotoxins was found to positively correlate with oxidative stress markers. The obtained results illustrate the importance of mycotoxin biomonitoring studies in humans and the need to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of mycotoxin-induced toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13040267","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]],"date-time":"2021-04-08T21:27:44Z","timestamp":1617917264000},"page":"267","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Analysis of Multiple Mycotoxins in the Qatari Population and Their Relation to Markers of Oxidative Stress"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Belqes","family":"Al-Jaal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sport City Road, Doha P.O. Box 27775, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aishah","family":"Latiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Science Malaysia, Gelugor 11700, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Salama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sport City Road, Doha P.O. Box 27775, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7596-5267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huda Mohamed","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sport City Road, Doha P.O. Box 27775, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noora Abdulaziz","family":"Al-Thani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sport City Road, Doha P.O. Box 27775, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"Al-Naimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sport City Road, Doha P.O. Box 27775, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noof","family":"Al-Qasmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anti-Doping Lab Qatar, Sport City Road, Doha P.O. Box 27775, Qatar"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2218-1140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Horvatovich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5051-1843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morana","family":"Jaganjac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Bijenicka 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1658570","article-title":"Worldwide contamination of food-crops with mycotoxins: Validity of the widely cited \u2018FAO estimate\u2019 of 25%","volume":"60","author":"Eskola","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. 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