{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T17:14:50Z","timestamp":1781889290212,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]],"date-time":"2021-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1621555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present study was designed to determine the efficacy of a novel multicomponent mycotoxin detoxifying agent (MMDA) containing modified zeolite (Clinoptilolite), Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell walls and silymarin against the deleterious effects of Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and Ochratoxin A (OTA) in broiler chicks. A total of 160 one-day-old Ross 308\u00ae broiler chicks were randomly allocated in four treatment groups, with four replicates, according to the following experimental design for 42 days. Group A received a basal diet; Group B received a basal diet contaminated with AFB1 and OTA at 0.1 mg\/kg and 1 mg\/kg, respectively; Group C received a basal diet contaminated with AFB1 and OTA and MMDA at 1 g\/kg feed, and Group D received a basal diet contaminated with AFB1 and OTA and MMDA at 3 g\/kg feed. Results showed that ingested mycotoxins led to significant (p \u2264 0.05) reduction in body weight and feed conversion from 25 days of age, induced histopathological changes, increased the pH of the intestinal content, and altered the biochemical profile of birds with significantly (p \u2264 0.05) increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values (p \u2264 0.05). On the other hand, the supplementation of MMDA significantly (p \u2264 0.05) improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) during the second part of the study, diminished biochemical alterations, reduced pH in jejunal and ileal content, and E. coli counts in the caeca of birds (p \u2264 0.05). It may be concluded that the dietary supplementation of the MMDA partially ameliorated the adverse effects of AFB1 and OTA in broilers and could be an efficient tool in a mycotoxin control program.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13060367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,24]],"date-time":"2021-05-24T02:32:43Z","timestamp":1621823563000},"page":"367","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Investigation of a Novel Multicomponent Mycotoxin Detoxifying Agent in Amelioration of Mycotoxicosis Induced by Aflatoxin-B1 and Ochratoxin A in Broiler Chicks"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2970-2463","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasilios","family":"Tsiouris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8879-4620","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Panagiotis","family":"Tassis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Farm Animals, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4408-255X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jog","family":"Raj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Cetkovica IA, 24211 Misicevo, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8507-8525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tilemachos","family":"Mantzios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5165-8975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konstantinos","family":"Kiskinis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marko","family":"Vasiljevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Patent Co, DOO., Vlade Cetkovica IA, 24211 Misicevo, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Deli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Animal Husbandry, Autoput 16, P. Box 23, 11080 Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3532-5724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evanthia","family":"Petridou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgia D.","family":"Brellou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4039-2398","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zoe","family":"Polizopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3061-7864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Mittas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, School of Science, International Hellenic University, 65404 Kavala, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Georgopoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Unit of Avian Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Leaky Gut and Mycotoxins: Aflatoxin B1 does not increase gut permeability in broiler chickens","volume":"3","author":"Latorre","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. 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