{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T07:01:03Z","timestamp":1790665263668,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Agencia Nacional de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo","award":["FONDEF\/ANID 2017, IT17F10002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FONDEF\/ANID 2017, IT17F10002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The Peruvian sea is one of the most productive ecosystems in the world. Phytoplankton production provides food for fish, mammals, mollusks and birds. This trophic network is affected by the presence of toxic phytoplankton species. In July 2017, samples of phytoplankton were obtained from Paracas Bay, an important zone for scallop (Argopecten purpuratus) aquaculture in Peru. Morphological analysis revealed the presence of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia, which was isolated and cultivated in laboratory conditions. Subsequently, the monoclonal cultures were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and identified as P. multistriata, based on both the morphological characteristics, and internal transcribed spacers region (ITS2) sequence phylogenetic analysis. Toxin analysis using liquid chromatography (LC) with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) revealed the presence of domoic acid (DA) with an estimated amount of 0.004 to 0.010 pg cell\u22121. This is the first report of DA from the coastal waters of Peru and its detection in P. multistriata indicates that it is a potential risk. Based on our results, routine monitoring of this genus should be considered in order to ensure public health.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13060408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T14:16:04Z","timestamp":1623248164000},"page":"408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["First Report of Domoic Acid Production from Pseudo-nitzschia multistriata in Paracas Bay (Peru)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1378-2737","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cecil","family":"Tenorio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Banco de Germoplasma de Organismos Acu\u00e1ticos, Instituto del Mar del Per\u00fa, Callao 07021, Peru"},{"name":"Doctorado en Acuicultura, Programa Cooperativo Universidad de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Coquimbo 17811421, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5812-1559","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Acuicultura, Programa Cooperativo Universidad de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Coquimbo 17811421, Chile"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Coquimbo 1281, Chile"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico en Algas (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Coquimbo 1281, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1499-8337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia","family":"Quijano-Scheggia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro Universitario de Investigaciones Oceanol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de Colima, Manzanillo 28218, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2620-5747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melissa","family":"Perez-Alania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Avenida La Universidad s\/n, La Molina, Lima 15024, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Arakaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banco de Germoplasma de Organismos Acu\u00e1ticos, Instituto del Mar del Per\u00fa, Callao 07021, Peru"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6142-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n y Desarrollo Tecnol\u00f3gico en Algas (CIDTA), Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Coquimbo 1281, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Coquimbo 1281, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2123-7747","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3ns Mari\u00f1as (Xunta de Galicia), 36620 Vilanova de Arousa, Pontevedra, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Uribe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctorado en Acuicultura, Programa Cooperativo Universidad de Chile, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Valpara\u00edso, Coquimbo 17811421, Chile"},{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Departamento de Acuicultura, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Norte, Coquimbo 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