{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T07:04:35Z","timestamp":1763535875626,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625443200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The infection caused by Helicobacter pylori is associated with several diseases, including gastric cancer. Several methods for the diagnosis of H. pylori infection exist, including endoscopy, the urea breath test, and the fecal antigen test, which is the serum antibody titer test that is often used since it is a simple and highly sensitive test. In this context, this study aims to find the association between different antibody reactivities and the organization of bacterial genomes. Next-generation sequences were performed to determine the genome sequences of four strains of antigens with different reactivity. The search was performed on the common genes, with the homology analysis conducted using a genome ring and dot plot analysis. The two antigens of the highly reactive strains showed a high gene homology, and Western blots for CagA and VacA also showed high expression levels of proteins. In the poorly responsive antigen strains, it was found that the inversion occurred around the vacA gene in the genome. The structure of bacterial genomes might contribute to the poor reactivity exhibited by the antibodies of patients. In the future, an accurate serodiagnosis could be performed by using a strain with few gene mutations of the antigen used for the antibody titer test of H. pylori.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13070467","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]],"date-time":"2021-07-05T04:18:21Z","timestamp":1625458701000},"page":"467","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Serodiagnosis and Bacterial Genome of Helicobacter pylori Infection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Aina","family":"Ichihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Academic Field of Health Science Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hinako","family":"Ojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Academic Field of Health Science Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kazuyoshi","family":"Gotoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Academic Field of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6410-9070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Osamu","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Academic Field of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susumu","family":"Take","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki 710-8602, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Field of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akari","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Health Care and Rehabilitation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima 770-8504, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Yokota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bacteriology, Academic Field of Health Science Okayama University, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14561","article-title":"Systematic review with meta-analysis: The worldwide prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection","volume":"47","author":"Zamani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Aliment. 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