{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T15:33:00Z","timestamp":1781019180561,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Allergan (prior to its acquisition by AbbVie).","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The real-world use of onabotulinumtoxinA and incobotulinumtoxinA for cervical dystonia and blepharospasm treatment was assessed in two separate retrospective studies using identical protocols (TRUDOSE and TRUDOSE II). The studies were conducted in Mexico, Norway, and United Kingdom and designed to evaluate dose utilization of the two botulinum toxins in clinical practice. Eighty-three patients treated with both onabotulinumtoxinA and incobotulinumtoxinA for \u22652 years for each botulinum toxin were included, (52, cervical dystonia; 31, blepharospasm). All patients switched from onabotulinumtoxinA to incobotulinumtoxinA for administrative\/financial reasons. A range of dose ratios (incobotulinumtoxinA to onabotulinumtoxinA) was reported; with the majority of dose ratios being &gt;1. The mean dose ratio was &gt;1 regardless of the study site or underlying clinical condition. The inter-injection interval was significantly longer for onabotulinumtoxinA versus incobotulinumtoxinA when assessed for all patients (15.5 vs. 14.3 weeks; p = 0.006), resulting in fewer onabotulinumtoxinA treatments over the study time period. Consistent with product labeling, no single fixed-dose ratio exists between incobotulinumtoxinA and onabotulinumtoxinA. The dosage of each should be individualized based on patient needs and used as per product labeling. These real-world utilization data may have pharmacoeconomic implications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13070488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]],"date-time":"2021-07-14T21:56:51Z","timestamp":1626299811000},"page":"488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Real-World Dosing of OnabotulinumtoxinA and IncobotulinumtoxinA for Cervical Dystonia and Blepharospasm: Results from TRUDOSE and TRUDOSE II"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ruth","family":"Kent","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield WF20NJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield WF20NJ, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Qui\u00f1ones Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Consultorio de Medicina Especializada del Sector Privado, Mexico City 03100, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charalampos","family":"Tzoulis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Haukeland University Hospital, University of Bergen, 5021 Bergen, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Maltman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Allergan, Irvine, CA 92612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-015-1478-1","article-title":"Botulinum toxin drugs: Brief history and outlook","volume":"123","author":"Dressler","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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