{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:03:19Z","timestamp":1792792999282,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":106,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1626652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-12-ADAP-0001 (ABC-PaPoGen)"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-12-ADAP-0001 (ABC-PaPoGen)"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LABEX SIGNALIFE ANR-11-LABX-0028-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LABEX SIGNALIFE ANR-11-LABX-0028-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ANR-15-IDEX-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-15-IDEX-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Meteorus pulchricornis (Ichneumonoidea, Braconidae) is an endoparasitoid wasp of lepidopteran caterpillars. Its parasitic success relies on vesicles (named M. pulchricornis Virus-Like Particles or MpVLPs) that are synthesized in the venom gland and injected into the parasitoid host along with the venom during oviposition. In order to define the content and understand the biogenesis of these atypical vesicles, we performed a transcriptome analysis of the venom gland and a proteomic analysis of the venom and purified MpVLPs. About half of the MpVLPs and soluble venom proteins identified were unknown and no similarity with any known viral sequence was found. However, MpVLPs contained a large number of proteins labelled as metalloproteinases while the most abundant protein family in the soluble venom was that of proteins containing the Domain of Unknown Function DUF-4803. The high number of these proteins identified suggests that a large expansion of these two protein families occurred in M. pulchricornis. Therefore, although the exact mechanism of MpVLPs formation remains to be elucidated, these vesicles appear to be \u201cmetalloproteinase bombs\u201d that may have several physiological roles in the host including modifying the functions of its immune cells. The role of DUF4803 proteins, also present in the venom of other braconids, remains to be clarified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13070502","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]],"date-time":"2021-07-19T10:07:37Z","timestamp":1626689257000},"page":"502","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Proteo-Trancriptomic Analyses Reveal a Large Expansion of Metalloprotease-Like Proteins in Atypical Venom Vesicles of the Wasp Meteorus pulchricornis (Braconidae)"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7683-718X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean-Luc","family":"Gatti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maya","family":"Belghazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, INP, Institution NeuroPhysiopathol, Aix-Marseille University, CEDEX, 13385 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6472-4839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrice","family":"Legeai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, 35653 Le Rheu, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Ravallec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DGIMI, INRAE, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Frayssinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DGIMI, INRAE, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Robin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro, Universit\u00e9 de Rennes, 35653 Le Rheu, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djibril","family":"Aboubakar-Souna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DGIMI, INRAE, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France"},{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Benin Research Station (IITA-Benin), Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8454-7331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ramasamy","family":"Srinivasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"World Vegetable Center (WorldVeg), Shanhua, Tainan 74151, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuele","family":"Tam\u00f2","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Benin Research Station (IITA-Benin), Cotonou 08 BP 0932, Benin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3349-6925","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryl\u00e8ne","family":"Poiri\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INRAE, CNRS, ISA, Universit\u00e9 C\u00f4te d\u2019Azur, 06903 Sophia Antipolis, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne-Nathalie","family":"Volkoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"DGIMI, INRAE, University of Montpellier, 34095 Montpellier, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1080\/03014223.2004.9518357","article-title":"Meteorus Pulchricornis (Wesmael) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Euphorinae): An Exotic Polyphagous Parasitoid in New Zealand","volume":"31","author":"Berry","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. 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