{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T05:24:13Z","timestamp":1767677053021,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005363","name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UBACYT-20020170100600BA","UBACYT-20020170200154BA"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UBACYT-20020170100600BA","UBACYT-20020170200154BA"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Agency for Promotion of Science and Technology","award":["ANPCYT-PICT 2017-0617"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANPCYT-PICT 2017-0617"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) produces Stx1 and\/or Stx2, and Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB). Since these toxins may be present simultaneously during STEC infections, the purpose of this work was to study the co-action of Stx2 and SubAB. Stx2 + SubAB was assayed in vitro on monocultures and cocultures of human glomerular endothelial cells (HGEC) with a human proximal tubular epithelial cell line (HK-2) and in vivo in mice after weaning. The effects in vitro of both toxins, co-incubated and individually, were similar, showing that Stx2 and SubAB contribute similarly to renal cell damage. However, in vivo, co-injection of toxins lethal doses reduced the survival time of mice by 24 h and mice also suffered a strong decrease in the body weight associated with a lowered food intake. Co-injected mice also exhibited more severe histological renal alterations and a worsening in renal function that was not as evident in mice treated with each toxin separately. Furthermore, co-treatment induced numerous erythrocyte morphological alterations and an increase of free hemoglobin. This work shows, for the first time, the in vivo effects of Stx2 and SubAB acting together and provides valuable information about their contribution to the damage caused in STEC infections.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13080536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]],"date-time":"2021-07-29T21:21:21Z","timestamp":1627593681000},"page":"536","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Combined Action of Shiga Toxin Type 2 and Subtilase Cytotoxin in the Pathogenesis of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Romina S.","family":"\u00c1lvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda y Biof\u00edsica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando D.","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda y Biof\u00edsica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elsa","family":"Zotta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda y Biof\u00edsica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina"},{"name":"C\u00e1tedra de Fisiopatolog\u00eda, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioqu\u00edmica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1113, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrienne W.","family":"Paton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James C.","family":"Paton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Science, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-501X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Ibarra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda y Biof\u00edsica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Flavia","family":"Sacerdoti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda y Biof\u00edsica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda M.","family":"Amaral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Fisiopatogenia, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda y Biof\u00edsica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO Houssay-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires 1121, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.508","article-title":"Epidemic hemolytic-uremic syndrome in children","volume":"52","author":"Repetto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036079","article-title":"The epidemiology of infections caused by Escherichia coli O157:H7, other enterohemorrhagic E. coli, and the associated hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"13","author":"Griffin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Epidemiol. 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