{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T18:52:21Z","timestamp":1784055141622,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]],"date-time":"2021-08-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630195200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Grants from the Japanese Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare","award":["24592946, 22111201, and 19K102370001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24592946, 22111201, and 19K102370001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The differences in analgesic effects of botulinum toxin type A were compared in 28 patients with trigeminal neuralgia, 53 patients with myofascial temporomandibular disorders, and 89 patients with the jaw closing oromandibular dystonia. The patients were treated by injection of botulinum toxin type A into the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, and other muscles based on the symptoms of each patient. The pain severity was evaluated using the visual analog scale, pain frequency, and pain scale of the oromandibular dystonia rating scale. Botulinum toxin injection was performed 1068 times in all patients without significant adverse effects. The visual analog, pain frequency, and pain scales at baseline were reduced (p &lt; 0.001) after two, four, eight, and 12 weeks after the first botulinum toxin therapy and at the endpoint. The effects differed significantly (p &lt; 0.001) among the groups (repeated-measures analysis of variance). The mean improvement (0%, no effect; 100%, complete recovery) at the endpoint was 86.8% for trigeminal neuralgia, 80.8% for myofascial pain, and 75.4% for oromandibular dystonia. Injection of the botulinum toxin can be a highly effective and safe method to treat trigeminal neuralgia, myofascial pain, and oromandibular dystonia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13090605","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T22:58:15Z","timestamp":1630450695000},"page":"605","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Effects of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Pain among Trigeminal Neuralgia, Myofascial Temporomandibular Disorders, and Oromandibular Dystonia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2985-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kazuya","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"155","article-title":"The origin, structure, and pharmacologic activity of botulinum toxin","volume":"33","author":"Simpson","year":"1981","journal-title":"Pharmacol. 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