{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:00Z","timestamp":1787030100908,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1631664000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012046","name":"Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T\u0110\u0110TB0.01\/21-23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T\u0110\u0110TB0.01\/21-23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012046","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In the coastal countries of Southeast Asia, fish is a staple diet and certain fish species are food delicacies to local populations or commercially important to individual communities. Although there have been several suspected cases of ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) in Southeast Asian countries, few have been confirmed by ciguatoxins identification, resulting in limited information for the correct diagnosis of this food-borne disease. In the present study, ciguatoxin-1B (CTX-1B) in red snapper (Lutjanus bohar) implicated in a CFP case in Sabah, Malaysia, in December 2017 was determined by single-quadrupole selected ion monitoring (SIM) liquid chromatography\/mass spectrometry (LC\/MS). Continuous consumption of the toxic fish likely resulted in CFP, even when the toxin concentration in the fish consumed was low. The identification of the fish species was performed using the molecular characterization of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene marker, with a phylogenetic analysis of the genus Lutjanus. This is the first report identifying the causative toxin in fish-implicated CFP in Malaysia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13090657","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,15]],"date-time":"2021-09-15T12:00:44Z","timestamp":1631707244000},"page":"657","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Identification of Fish Species and Toxins Implicated in a Snapper Food Poisoning Event in Sabah, Malaysia, 2017"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ha Viet","family":"Dao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aya","family":"Uesugi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hajime","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryuichi","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryoji","family":"Matsushima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8857-2692","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen Fei","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steffiana J.","family":"Jipanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Likas Fisheries Complex, Department of Fisheries Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Sabah, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ky Xuan","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7394-0728","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minh-Thu","family":"Phan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Oceanography, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 01 Cau Da, Nha Trang 650000, Vietnam"},{"name":"Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3336-1438","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chui Pin","family":"Leaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2823-0564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Po Teen","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiyuki","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Environment and Fisheries Applied Techniques Research Department, Fisheries Technology Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, 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