{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T00:05:18Z","timestamp":1790294718139,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013397","name":"Louisiana State University Agricultural Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XXXXX"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XXXXX"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013397","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing globally in frequency, persistence, and geographic extent, posing a threat to ecosystem and human health. To date, no occurrences of marine phycotoxins have been recorded in Mozambique, which may be due to absence of a monitoring program and general awareness of potential threats. This study is the first documentation of neurotoxin, domoic acid (DA), produced by the diatom Pseudo-nitzschia along the east coast of Africa. Coastal Inhambane Province is a biodiversity hotspot where year-round Rhincodon typus (whale shark) sightings are among the highest globally and support an emerging ecotourism industry. Links between primary productivity and biodiversity in this area have not previously been considered or reported. During a pilot study, from January 2017 to April 2018, DA was identified year-round, peaking during Austral winter. During an intense study between May and August 2018, our research focused on identifying environmental factors influencing coastal productivity and DA concentration. Phytoplankton assemblage was diatom-dominated, with high abundances of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Data suggest the system was influenced by nutrient pulses resulting from coastal upwelling. Continued and comprehensive monitoring along southern Mozambique would provide critical information to assess ecosystem and human health threats from marine toxins under challenges posed by global change.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13120903","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T21:47:36Z","timestamp":1639604856000},"page":"903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Domoic Acid and Pseudo-nitzschia spp. Connected to Coastal Upwelling along Coastal Inhambane Province, Mozambique: A New Area of Concern"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Holly","family":"Kelchner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA"},{"name":"Cooperative Institute for Great Lakes Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie E.","family":"Reeve-Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All Out Africa Marine Research Centre, Praia do Tofo, Inhambane 1300, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn M.","family":"Schreiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Large Lakes Observatory, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MI 55812, USA"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, MN 55812, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sibel","family":"Bargu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, College of Coast and Environment, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim G.","family":"Roques","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"All Out Africa Marine Research Centre, Praia do Tofo, Inhambane 1300, Mozambique"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reagan M.","family":"Errera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA"},{"name":"National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1175\/1520-0485(1991)021<1815:TSCOWS>2.0.CO;2","article-title":"The seasonal cycle of wind-stress curl in subtropical Eastern Boundary Current regions","volume":"21","author":"Bakun","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. 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