{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T05:53:15Z","timestamp":1792389195474,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639612800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Snake venom proteins, which are responsible for deadly snakebite envenomation, induce severe injuries including neurotoxicity, myotoxicity, cardiotoxicity, hemorrhage, and the disruption of blood homeostasis. Yet, many snake-venom proteins have been developed as potential drugs for treating human diseases due to their pharmacological effects. In this study, we evaluated the use of, an L-amino acid oxidase isolated from Cerastes cerastes snake venom CC-LAAO, as a potential anti-glioblastoma drug, by investigating its in vivo and in vitro pharmacological effects. Our results showed that acute exposure to CC-LAAO at 1 and 2.5 \u00b5g\/mL does not induce significant toxicity on vital organs, as indicated by the murine blood parameters including aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and creatinine levels. The histopathological examination demonstrated that only at high concentrations did CC-LAAO induce inflammation and necrosis in several organs of the test subjects. Interestingly, when tested on human glioblastoma U87 cells, CC-LAAO induced a dose-dependent apoptotic effect through the H2O2 generated during the enzymatic reaction. Taken altogether, our data indicated that low concentration of CC-LAAO may be safe and may have potential in the development of anti-glioblastoma agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13120904","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]],"date-time":"2021-12-16T21:32:40Z","timestamp":1639690360000},"page":"904","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pharmacological Investigation of CC-LAAO, an L-Amino Acid Oxidase from Cerastes cerastes Snake Venom"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zaineb","family":"Abdelkafi-Koubaa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Biomol\u00e9cules, Venins et Applications Th\u00e9ranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2224-0211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ines","family":"ELBini-Dhouib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Biomol\u00e9cules, Venins et Applications Th\u00e9ranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumaya","family":"Souid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de Pathologie Exp\u00e9rimentale (LR16IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"School of Basic Pharmaceutical and Toxicological Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, 1800 Bienville Drive, Monroe, LA 71201, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jed","family":"Jebali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Biomol\u00e9cules, Venins et Applications Th\u00e9ranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raoudha","family":"Doghri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"D\u00e9partement d\u2019Anatomie Pathologique, Institut Salah Azaiez, Bab Saadoun, Tunis 1006, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najet","family":"Srairi-Abid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Biomol\u00e9cules, Venins et Applications Th\u00e9ranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1371-1963","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khadija","family":"Essafi-Benkhadir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Epid\u00e9miologie Mol\u00e9culaire et de Pathologie Exp\u00e9rimentale (LR16IPT04), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8499-7984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olivier","family":"Micheau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lipides Nutrition Cancer, INSERM-UMR 1231, Universit\u00e9 de Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9, UFR Science de Sant\u00e9, 7 Bd Jeanne d\u2019Arc, 21000 Dijon, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naziha","family":"Marrakchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire des Biomol\u00e9cules, Venins et Applications Th\u00e9ranostiques (LR20IPT01), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1002, Tunisia"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine de Tunis, Universit\u00e9 de Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasturiratne, A., Wickremasinghe, A.R., de Silva, N., Gunawardena, N.K., Pathmeswaran, A., Premaratna, R., Savioli, L., Lalloo, D.G., and de Silva, H.J. 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