{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T02:58:48Z","timestamp":1760151528131,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]],"date-time":"2022-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649203200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Russell\u2019s viper (Daboia russelii), one of the \u2018Big Four\u2019 venomous snakes in India, is responsible for the majority of snakebite-induced deaths and permanent disabilities. Russell\u2019s viper bites are known to induce bleeding\/clotting abnormalities, as well as myotoxic, nephrotoxic, cytotoxic and neurotoxic envenomation effects. In addition, they have been reported to induce rare envenomation effects such as priapism, sialolithiasis and splenic rupture. However, Russell\u2019s viper bite-induced pseudoaneurysm (PA) has not been previously reported. PA or false aneurysm is a rare phenomenon that occurs in arteries following traumatic injuries including some animal bites, and it can become a life-threatening condition if not treated promptly. Here, we document two clinical cases of Russell\u2019s viper bites where PA has developed, despite antivenom treatment. Notably, a non-surgical procedure, ultrasound-guided compression (USGC), either alone, or in combination with thrombin was effectively used in both the cases to treat the PA. Following this procedure and additional measures, the patients made complete recoveries without the recurrence of PA which were confirmed by subsequent examination and ultrasound scans. These data demonstrate the development of PA as a rare complication following Russell\u2019s viper bites and the effective use of a simple, non-surgical procedure, USGC for the successful treatment of PA. These results will create awareness among healthcare professionals on the development of PA and the use of USGC in snakebite victims following bites from Russell\u2019s vipers, as well as other viper bites.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14040260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,7]],"date-time":"2022-04-07T22:23:23Z","timestamp":1649370203000},"page":"260","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Ultrasound-Guided Compression Method Effectively Counteracts Russell\u2019s Viper Bite-Induced Pseudoaneurysm"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5262-8367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Subramanian","family":"Senthilkumaran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode 638001, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen W.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Poison Control Center, Children\u2019s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harry F.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, Toxiven Biotech Private Limited, Coimbatore 641042, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajendran","family":"Vaiyapuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Department, Toxiven Biotech Private Limited, Coimbatore 641042, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ravi","family":"Savania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9113-480X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Namasivayam","family":"Elangovan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, Periyar University, Salem 636011, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ponniah","family":"Thirumalaikolundusubramanian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Department, Trichy SRM Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Trichy 621105, India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ketan","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6006-6517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sakthivel","family":"Vaiyapuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6UB, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17063","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.63","article-title":"Snakebite envenoming","volume":"3","author":"Calvete","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. 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