{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T12:05:50Z","timestamp":1787313950682,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]],"date-time":"2022-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1650499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Comit\u00e9 para el Desarrollo de la Investigaci\u00f3n (CODI) of the Universidad de Antioquia","award":["2015-7403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2015-7403"]}]},{"name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnolog\u00eda e Innovaci\u00f3n (MINCIENCIAS) of Colombia","award":["647\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["647\/2014"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The transcriptome of the venom glands of the Phoneutria depilata spider was analyzed using RNA-seq with an Illumina protocol, which yielded 86,424 assembled transcripts. A total of 682 transcripts were identified as potentially coding for venom components. Most of the transcripts found were neurotoxins (156) that commonly act on sodium and calcium channels. Nevertheless, transcripts coding for some enzymes (239), growth factors (48), clotting factors (6), and a diuretic hormone (1) were found, which have not been described in this spider genus. Furthermore, an enzymatic characterization of the venom of P. depilata was performed, and the proteomic analysis showed a correlation between active protein bands and protein sequences found in the transcriptome. The transcriptomic analysis of P. depilata venom glands show a deeper description of its protein components, allowing the identification of novel molecules that could lead to the treatment of human diseases, or could be models for developing bioinsecticides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14050295","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,24]],"date-time":"2022-04-24T00:45:21Z","timestamp":1650761121000},"page":"295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Transcriptomic Analysis of the Venom Gland and Enzymatic Characterization of the Venom of Phoneutria depilata (Ctenidae) from Colombia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Julieta","family":"V\u00e1squez-Escobar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Toxinolog\u00eda y Alternativas Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias, Facultad de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 1226, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4882-7491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Teresa","family":"Romero-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traslational Bioengineering Department, Exact Sciences and Engineering University Center, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8088-9724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alejandro","family":"Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Traslational Bioengineering Department, Exact Sciences and Engineering University Center, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44430, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herlinda C.","family":"Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9513-1622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerardo A.","family":"Corzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dora M.","family":"Benjumea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Grupo de Toxinolog\u00eda y Alternativas Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias, Facultad de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 1226, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2716-3593","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ligia Luz","family":"Corrales-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnolog\u00eda, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, Cuernavaca 62210, Mexico"},{"name":"Departamento de Alimentos, Facultad de Ciencias Farmac\u00e9uticas y Alimentarias, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin 1226, Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2012.04.337","article-title":"Spider-venom peptides that target voltage-gated sodium channels: Pharmacological tools and potential therapeutic leads","volume":"60","author":"Klint","year":"2012","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2851","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins2122851","article-title":"Spider-venom peptides as therapeutics","volume":"2","author":"Saez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(01)00199-4","article-title":"Pharmacology and biochemistry of spider venoms","volume":"40","author":"Rash","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2021, August 01). 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