{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T22:20:35Z","timestamp":1792275635481,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1651622400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin injection have made it a popular aesthetic procedure worldwide. A cross-sectional survey was performed in order to determine the pattern of type A botulinum toxin injections in cosmetic practice, for which an 18-item questionnaire was distributed to dermatologists. A total of 469 Korean board-certified dermatologists participated in the survey, with the following results: the main candidates for type A botulinum toxin injection were individuals in their 40\u201350 years (46.1%), followed by those in their 20\u201330 years (33.4%), and people over 60 years of age (20.5%). Overall, the upper face (the glabella, forehead, and crow\u2019s line, in decreasing order) was the most favored area of injection (51%). In contrast, body contouring (i.e., shoulder, calf) and treatment for benign masseter hypertrophy were significantly more popular in the 20\u201330 years age group than their older counterparts. For wrinkle effacement, the most preferred dilution was 100 units\/2.5 mL with isotonic sodium chloride injection (51.2%), and the most often used interval was six months (43.6%). About half (46.3%) of the dermatologists reported the experience of clinical cases which were suspicious of botulinum toxin resistance. Despite this, regarding the choice of the product, type A botulinum toxin products with greater cost-effectiveness were favored over products with a lower risk of antibody formation. Other than its cosmetic usage, botulinum toxin is applied for a variety of skin conditions. Further studies are suggested in order to identify the practice pattern of type A botulinum toxin for therapeutic uses in dermatology, such as hyperhidrosis and rosacea.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14050329","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T10:49:30Z","timestamp":1651661370000},"page":"329","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["An Update on the Cosmetic Use of Botulinum Toxin: The Pattern of Practice among Korean Dermatologists"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0341-3460","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nark-Kyoung","family":"Rho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Leaders Aesthetic Laser and Cosmetic Surgery Center, Seoul 06014, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06355, Korea"},{"name":"Korean Society for Anti-Aging Dermatology (KAAD), 385 Seongnam-daero, Seoul 13555, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Ho","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korean Society for Anti-Aging Dermatology (KAAD), 385 Seongnam-daero, Seoul 13555, Korea"},{"name":"Nature Dermatology, Seoul 06055, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0576-0474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hei-Sung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korean Society for Anti-Aging Dermatology (KAAD), 385 Seongnam-daero, Seoul 13555, Korea"},{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Incheon St. Mary\u2019s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"823","article-title":"Botulinum toxin type a for facial wrinkles and benign masseter hypertrophy in Korean patients","volume":"48","author":"Rho","year":"2010","journal-title":"Korean J. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhury, S., Baker, M.R., Chatterjee, S., and Kumar, H. (2021). Botulinum Toxin: An Update on Pharmacology and Newer Products in Development. Toxins, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13010058"},{"key":"ref_3","first-page":"1843","article-title":"Consensus recommendations on the aesthetic usage of botulinum toxin type A in Asians","volume":"39","author":"Ahn","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg. Off. Publ. Am. Soc. Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_4","unstructured":"(2022, April 27). Ozsurvey. Available online: http:\/\/www.ozsurvey.co.kr."},{"key":"ref_5","first-page":"1645","article-title":"Perceptions of expertise in cutaneous surgery and cosmetic procedures: What primary care physicians think","volume":"38","author":"Ibrahimi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg. Off. Publ. Am. Soc. Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1177\/1090820X12455192","article-title":"Current aesthetic use of abobotulinumtoxinA in clinical practice: An evidence-based consensus review","volume":"32","author":"Maas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aesthetic Surg. J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H\u00fcg\u00fcl, H., \u00d6zkoca, D., and Kutlubay, Z. (2022). A retrospective analysis of the uses of BoNT-A in daily dermatological practice. J. Cosmet. Dermatol.","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14845"},{"key":"ref_8","first-page":"1861","article-title":"Commentary: Asian consensus recommendations on the aesthetic usage of botulinum toxin type A","volume":"39","author":"Kane","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg. Off. Publ. Am. Soc. Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1080\/09546630600899070","article-title":"Botulinum toxin A treatment for contouring of the lower leg","volume":"17","author":"Han","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Dermatol. Treat."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Seo, K.K. (2017). Body Contouring with Botulinum Toxin. Botulinum Toxin for Asians, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-0204-5"},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"S62","article-title":"Botulinum Toxin Injections for Leg Contouring in East Asians","volume":"46","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Surg. Off. Publ. Am. Soc. Dermatol. Surg."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e46","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13705","article-title":"Botulinum toxin injection for contouring shoulder","volume":"31","author":"Jeong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bellows, S., and Jankovic, J. (2019). Immunogenicity Associated with Botulinum Toxin Treatment. Toxins, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins11090491"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4217","DOI":"10.1097\/GOX.0000000000004217","article-title":"Immunogenicity Associated with Aesthetic Botulinumtoxin A: A Survey of Asia-Pacific Physicians\u2019 Experiences and Recommendations","volume":"10","author":"Park","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plast. Reconstr. Surg. Glob. Open"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.13637","article-title":"Antibody-induced botulinum toxin treatment failure: A review and novel management approach","volume":"19","author":"Srinoulprasert","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Cosmet. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-020-00397-5","article-title":"Association Between Secondary Botulinum Toxin A Treatment Failure in Cosmetic Indication and Anti-Complexing Protein Antibody Production","volume":"10","author":"Wanitphakdeedecha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hong, J.Y., Kim, J.H., Jin, J.E., Shin, S.H., and Park, K.Y. (2021). Practical Application of Novel Test Methods to Evaluate the Potency of Botulinum Toxin: A Comparison Analysis among Widely Used Products in Korea. Toxins, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins13120833"}],"container-title":["Toxins"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/14\/5\/329\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:06:03Z","timestamp":1760137563000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2072-6651\/14\/5\/329"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5]]}},"alternative-id":["toxins14050329"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins14050329","relation":{},"ISSN":["2072-6651"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2072-6651","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]]}}}