{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T22:14:58Z","timestamp":1787696098747,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish National Science Centre","award":["2018\/ 31\/B\/NZ9\/03485"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018\/ 31\/B\/NZ9\/03485"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objectives of this research were to obtain the extracts of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) using supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) and methanol as co-solvent and evaluate the antifungal activity of those extracts against two selected strains of Fusarium species (Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium proliferatum). The extraction conditions were set at 40 and 60 \u00b0C and 250 bar. The obtained extracts were characterized in terms of antifungal activity on potato dextrose agar media (PDA). The results showed that the extraction parameters had different effects on mycelium growth and mycotoxins biosynthesis reduction. All studied lemon balm extracts (1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) inhibited the growth of F. proliferatum and F. culmorum mycelia compared to the control. The lemon balm extracts significantly reduced ergosterol content and synthesized mycotoxins in both tested strains. These findings support the antifungal activity of lemon balm extracts against F. proliferatum and F. culmorum. However, more research on other Fusarium species is needed, as well as in vivo applications, before considering lemon balm extracts as a natural alternative to synthetic fungicides.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14050355","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,20]],"date-time":"2022-05-20T00:18:11Z","timestamp":1653005891000},"page":"355","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["In Vitro Effects of Lemon Balm Extracts in Reducing the Growth and Mycotoxins Biosynthesis of Fusarium culmorum and F. proliferatum"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Pascaline Aimee","family":"Uwineza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1735-4556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monika","family":"Urbaniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathogen Genetics and Plant Resistance Department, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1855-3610","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcin","family":"Bry\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology\u2014State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9740-9520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u0141ukasz","family":"St\u0119pie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Plant-Pathogen Interaction, Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 60-479 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4534-3552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Modrzewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology\u2014State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4113-1595","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Wa\u015bkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Pozna\u0144 University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, 60-625 Pozna\u0144, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodcont.2016.09.032","article-title":"Curcuma Longa L. 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