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Province","award":["202010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202010"]}]},{"name":"Universities Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["32172922"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172922"]}]},{"name":"Universities Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["31972741"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972741"]}]},{"name":"Universities Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["BK20211216"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20211216"]}]},{"name":"Universities Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["2016T90477"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016T90477"]}]},{"name":"Universities Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["SNG201907"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SNG201907"]}]},{"name":"Universities Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","award":["20KJB330002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20KJB330002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The T-2 toxin, a major secondary metabolite of Fusarium Gramineae, is considered a great risk to humans and animals due to its toxicity, such as inducing emesis. The mechanism of emesis is a complex signal involving an imbalance of hormones and neurotransmitters, as well as activity of visceral afferent neurons. The T-2 toxin has been proven to induce emesis and possess the capacity to elevate expressions of intestinal hormones glucagon-like peptide-17\u201336 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), both of which are important emetic factors. In addition, the activation of calcium-sensitive receptor (CaSR) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are engaged in intestinal hormone release. However, it is unknown whether hormones GLP-1 and GIP mediate T-2 toxin-induced emetic response through activating CaSR and TRP channels. To further assess the mechanism of T-2 toxin-induced emesis, we studied the hypothesis that T-2 toxin-caused emetic response and intestinal hormones GLP-1 and GIP released in mink are associated with activating calcium transduction. Following oral gavage and intraperitoneal injection T-2 toxin, emetic responses were observed in a dose-dependent manner, which notably corresponded to the secretion of GLP-1 and GIP, and were suppressed by pretreatment with respective antagonist Exending9\u201339 and Pro3GIP. Additional research found that NPS-2143 (NPS) and ruthenium red (RR), respective antagonists of CaSR and TRP channels, dramatically inhibited both T-2 toxin-induced emesis response and the expression of plasma GLP-1 and GIP. According to these data, we observed that T-2 toxin-induced emetic response corresponds to secretion of GLP-1 and GIP via calcium transduction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14060389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,3]],"date-time":"2022-06-03T08:01:18Z","timestamp":1654243278000},"page":"389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Emetic Response to T-2 Toxin Correspond to Secretion of Glucagon-like Peptide-17\u201336 Amide and Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0236-9800","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, China"},{"name":"Center for Clinical Mass Spectrometry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Jiangsu 215123, China"},{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tushuai","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinghua","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zihui","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ben","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiping","family":"Xiao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2528-4655","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenda","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China"},{"name":"Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, 50003 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10658-017-1394-3","article-title":"HT-2 and T-2 toxins in Norwegian oat grains related to weather conditions at different growth stages","volume":"151","author":"Hjelkrem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. 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