{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T02:55:16Z","timestamp":1790564116680,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657584000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Moroccan National Center for Technical and Scientific Research (CNRST)"},{"name":"Conseil D\u00e9partemental d\u2019Eure et Loir"},{"name":"R\u00e9gion Centre-Val de Loire"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants is a medicinal plant that has traditionally been used to cure a range of diseases. There has been no thorough investigation of the potential toxicity of this plant. The objective of this study is to assess the acute and subacute toxicity of D. ambrosioides hydroethanolic extract (DAHE), as well as it alkaloids composition, utilizing LC-MS\/MS analysis. An in silico approach was applied to determine pharmacokinetic parameters and to predict the toxicity of D. ambrosioides identified alkaloids. A 14-day treatment with a single oral dose of 1\u20137 g\/kg was carried out to investigate acute toxicity. DAHE was given orally at dosages of 5, 50, and 500 mg\/kg for 15 days in the subacute toxicity investigation, and body weight and biochemical parameters were evaluated. Livers, kidneys, lungs, and heart were examined histologically. Chromatographic investigation revealed the existence of nine alkaloids, with N-formylnorgalanthamine being the most prevalent. The oral LD50 value of DAHE was found to be 5000 mg\/kg in an acute toxicity study. No variations were observed with respect to food intake, water consumption, mortality, or body and organ weight in the subacute toxicity study. On the other hand, DAHE (500 mg\/kg) significantly enhanced alanineaminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and urea. Liver and kidney histological examinations revealed modest infiltration of hepatocyte trabeculae by inflammatory cells in the liver and slight alteration in the kidney histoarchitecture. According to our findings, DAHE exhibits low to moderate toxicity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14070475","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]],"date-time":"2022-07-12T23:02:01Z","timestamp":1657666921000},"page":"475","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Evaluation of Acute and Subacute Toxicity and LC-MS\/MS Compositional Alkaloid Determination of the Hydroethanolic Extract of Dysphania ambrosioides (L.) Mosyakin and Clemants Flowers"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Fahd","family":"Kandsi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatima Zahra","family":"Lafdil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0314-8484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amine","family":"Elbouzidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Am\u00e9lioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologies\u2019 et Environnement (LAPABE), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60040, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saliha","family":"Bouknana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Achraf","family":"Miry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital, Oujda 60040, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3973-6694","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed","family":"Addi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire d\u2019Am\u00e9lioration des Productions Agricoles, Biotechnologies\u2019 et Environnement (LAPABE), Facult\u00e9 des Sciences, Universit\u00e9 Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60040, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6266-4991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raffaele","family":"Conte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems (IRET)\u2014CNR, Via Pietro Castellano 111, 80131 Naples, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9938-0151","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christophe","family":"Hano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures, INRAE USC1328, University of Orleans, CEDEX 2, 45067 Orl\u00e9ans, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Gseyra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Bioresources, Biotechnology, Ethnopharmacology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, Mohammed First University, B.P. 717, Oujda 60000, Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Altemimi, A., Lakhssassi, N., Baharlouei, A., Watson, D.G., and Lightfoot, D.A. 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