{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T18:58:03Z","timestamp":1791313083337,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]],"date-time":"2022-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1659225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005925","name":"Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taiwan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCRD108-70"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD108-70"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a gut-derived uremic toxin involved in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Peripheral arterial stiffness (PAS), measured by the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) is a valuable indicator of the existence of CVD alongside other diseases. The study recruited 157 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 3 to 5, and aimed to determine the correlation between serum TMAO and PAS, defined as a baPWV of &gt;18.0 m\/s. Patients with CKD who were diagnosed with PAS (68 patients, 43.3%) were older, had a higher percentage of hypertension or diabetes mellitus, higher systolic blood pressure, and higher fasting glucose, C-reactive protein, and TMAO levels. Furthermore, besides old age and SBP, patients with CKD who had higher serum TMAO were more likely to have PAS, with an odds ratio of 1.016 (95% confidence interval = 1.002\u20131.029, p = 0.021) by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Correlation analysis demonstrated that serum TMAO was positively correlated with C-reactive protein level and either left or right baPWV. Thus, we supposed that serum TMAO levels were associated with PAS in patients with advanced non-dialysis CKD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14080526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,1]],"date-time":"2022-08-01T23:49:27Z","timestamp":1659397767000},"page":"526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide Level Is Associated with Peripheral Arterial Stiffness in Advanced Non-Dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-4558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bang-Gee","family":"Hsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97010, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih-Hsien","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97010, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9094-0589","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Li","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97010, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6687-1058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Hsien","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 97010, Taiwan"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jen-Pi","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chiayi 62247, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2017.03.053","article-title":"The role of trimethylamine N-oxide as a mediator of cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease","volume":"92","author":"Tomlinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq580","article-title":"p-Cresyl sulphate and indoxyl sulphate predict progression of chronic kidney disease","volume":"26","author":"Wu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nephrol. 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