{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T21:07:23Z","timestamp":1790629643248,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]],"date-time":"2022-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1660953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>We aimed to make an exhaustive assessment of circumstances of bites by exotic reptiles bred in France. A retrospective observational study was conducted in all the reported cases from 2000 to 2020 in French poison control centers (PCCs). Two hundred and eighteen cases of bites were recorded. The sex ratio (M\/F) of the patients was 1.79 and the mean age of the patients was 29.0 \u00b1 15.8 years. Twenty-two cases (10.1%) occurred during the deep night. One hundred and eighty-six bites (85.7%) occurred in a private context; however, there were more cases of high severity when it occurred in a professional setting (60.0% vs. 11.2%, p &lt; 0.01). The feeding\/nursing activity accounted for 54.7% cases. Forty-three species of snake were identified; 28 were considered venomous. There were no deaths among the patients in the study. Most of the cases (85.8%) were of mild severity. All of the patients bitten by a venomous reptile were hospitalized: 10 patients received an antivenom; and 2 required surgery. Bites occurred at home and by a small number of popular non-venomous reptile species (pythons and boas, colubrids). These occurred mainly when handling the animals. The rare envenomations were mainly by Asian and American crotalids, followed by elapids. One-third of them were treated with antivenom when available.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14080570","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T01:56:40Z","timestamp":1661133400000},"page":"570","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bites by Non-Native Reptiles in France: Species, Circumstances and Outcome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Ga\u00ebl","family":"Le Roux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2018Grand Ouest\u2019 Poison Control Center, University Hospital of Angers, CEDEX 9, 49933 Angers, France"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement, Travail (IRSET, INSERM UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team), CEDEX 1, 49045 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5237-2581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillaume","family":"Grenet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lyon Poison Control Center, HCL, 69003 Lyon, France"},{"name":"Laboratory of Biometry and Evolutionary Biology UMR 5558, CNRS, University of Lyon 1, CEDEX, 69622 Villeurbanne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6771-0144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2018Sud\u2019 Poison Control Center, APHM, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"French Poison Control Centers Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Larr\u00e9ch\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departement of Medical Biology, B\u00e9gin Military Teaching Hospital, 94160 Saint-Mand\u00e9, France"},{"name":"INSERM UMR-S1144, University of Paris Cit\u00e9, 75006 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6028-3186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis","family":"Descatha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u2018Grand Ouest\u2019 Poison Control Center, University Hospital of Angers, CEDEX 9, 49933 Angers, France"},{"name":"Institut de Recherche en Sant\u00e9, Environnement, Travail (IRSET, INSERM UMR_S 1085, ESTER Team), CEDEX 1, 49045 Angers, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650.2017.1300261","article-title":"Antivenom for European vipera species envenoming","volume":"55","author":"Lamb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. 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