{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T05:15:01Z","timestamp":1787030101150,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]],"date-time":"2022-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Foundation of State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian","award":["SKLNBC2020-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLNBC2020-07"]}]},{"name":"Foundation of State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian","award":["51872140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51872140"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKLNBC2020-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLNBC2020-07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["51872140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["51872140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A sensitive dual-readout immunosensor for fluorescence and electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection of ricin was established, which was combined with a streptavidin\u2013biotin signal amplification system. CdSe\/ZnS quantum dots with fine fluorescence and ECL properties were used as the dual-signal function probes of the sandwich immunocomplex. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the dual signal intensity increased significantly with the rise in ricin concentration. The fluorescence intensity of the senor exhibited a good liner relationship toward the ricin concentrations with 0.1~100 ng\/mL and the limit of detection (LOD) was 81.7 pg\/mL; taking ECL as the detection signal, the sensor showed a linear relationship with the ricin concentrations ranging from 0.01 ng\/mL to 100 ng\/mL and the LOD was 5.5 pg\/mL. The constructed sensor with high sensitivity had been successfully applied to the detection of ricin in complex matrices with satisfactory recoveries. The proposed immunosensor model can be extended to the analysis and detection of others target proteins.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14100710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,18]],"date-time":"2022-10-18T00:31:01Z","timestamp":1666053061000},"page":"710","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["A Highly Sensitive Fluorescence and Screen-Printed Electrodes\u2014Electrochemiluminescence Immunosensor for Ricin Detection Based on CdSe\/ZnS QDs with Dual Signal"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Shasha","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fubin","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China"},{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiwei","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bin","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xihui","family":"Mu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingli","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7658-3121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wu","family":"Lei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaoyang","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4967","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins7124858","article-title":"Recommended immunological assays to screen for ricin-containing samples","volume":"7","author":"Simon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"ref_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Of beans and beads: Ricin and abrin in bioterrorism and biocrime","volume":"S7","author":"Smith","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. 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