{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:39:18Z","timestamp":1792453158625,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]],"date-time":"2022-10-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sixty-seven scorpion species have been described in France and its territories, where they have been found to be heterogeneously distributed. Indeed, only one species can be found on R\u00e9union Island, while 38 species exist in French Guiana. The number of stings is also heterogenous, with up to 90 stings per 100,000 inhabitants occurring annually. Scorpion species can frequently be determined through simple visual factors, including species of medical importance (i.e., Buthus, Centruroides and Tityus). Scorpion venom is composed of local enzymes and peptides with a cysteine-stabilized \u03b1\/\u03b2 motif (NaTxs, Ktxs, Calcines), which allow for venom diffusion and the prey\u2019s incapacitation, respectively. Harmful scorpion species are limited to Centruroides pococki in the French West Indies, which can induce severe envenoming, and the Tityus obscurus and Tityus silvestris in French Guiana, which can cause fatalities in children and can induce severe envenoming, respectively. Envenomation by one of these scorpions requires hospital monitoring as long as systemic symptoms persist. Typical management includes the use of a lidocaine patch, pain killers, and local antiseptic. In the case of heart failure, the use of dobutamine can improve survival, and pregnant women must consult an obstetrician because of the elevated risk of preterm birth or stillbirth. France does not have scorpion antivenom, as scorpion stings are generally not fatal.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14100719","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,24]],"date-time":"2022-10-24T11:53:55Z","timestamp":1666612435000},"page":"719","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["French Scorpionism (Mainland and Oversea Territories): Narrative Review of Scorpion Species, Scorpion Venom, and Envenoming Management"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4542-6414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jules-Antoine","family":"Vaucel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bordeaux Poison Control Centre, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Bordeaux Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S\u00e9bastien","family":"Larr\u00e9ch\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Biology Department, H\u00f4pital d\u2019Instruction Des Arm\u00e9es B\u00e9gin, 94160 Saint-Mand\u00e9, France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1144, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75000 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camille","family":"Paradis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bordeaux Poison Control Centre, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Bordeaux Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0996-7133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arnaud","family":"Courtois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bordeaux Poison Control Centre, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Bordeaux Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Marc","family":"Pujo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emergency Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Narcisse","family":"Elenga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7273-2521","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dabor","family":"R\u00e9si\u00e8re","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Martinique, 97200 Fort de France, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weniko","family":"Car\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sant\u00e9 et de la Recherche M\u00e9dicale (INSERM) UMR-S 1144, Universit\u00e9 de Paris, 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"Paris Poison Control Center, F\u00e9d\u00e9ration de Toxicologie (FeTox), H\u00f4pital Fernand Widal, AP-HP, 75000 Paris, France"},{"name":"Internal Medicine Department, H\u00f4pital d\u2019Instruction des Arm\u00e9es B\u00e9gin, 94160 Val-de-Marne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2250-6312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc","family":"de Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marseille Poison Control Centre, Assistance Public des H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, 13000 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Christophe","family":"Gallart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Toulouse Poison Control Centre, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Toulouse, 31000 Toulouse, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Torrents","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marseille Poison Control Centre, Assistance Public des H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, 13000 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6771-0144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Corinne","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Marseille Poison Control Centre, Assistance Public des H\u00f4pitaux de Marseille, 13000 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Chevalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microentreprise WANO Guyane, 97319 Awala Yalimapo, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Labadie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bordeaux Poison Control Centre, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire Bordeaux Pellegrin, 33000 Bordeaux, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5663-0349","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hatem","family":"Kallel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Intensive Care Unit, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, 97300 Cayenne, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"French PCC Research Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S24754","article-title":"Emerging options for the management of scorpion stings","volume":"6","author":"Chippaux","year":"2012","journal-title":"Drug Des. 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