{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T01:28:25Z","timestamp":1760232505960,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]],"date-time":"2022-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>There is no gold-standard treatment for idiopathic toe walking (ITW). Some previous evidence suggested that botulinum neurotoxin-A injection might improve ITW. This is a single-center retrospective study on children with ITW treated with incobotulinumtoxinA injection in the gastrocnemius medialis\/lateralis muscles. We screened the charts of 97 ITW children treated with incobotulinumtoxinA (January 2019\u2013December 2021), and the data of 28 of them, who satisfied the inclusion\/exclusion criteria, were analyzed. The maximal passive ankle dorsiflexion (knee extended) was assessed at three time points, i.e., immediately before incobotulinumtoxinA injection (T0), after incobotulinumtoxinA injection during the timeframe of its effect (T1), and at follow-up, when the effect was expected to disappear (T2). The maximal passive ankle dorsiflexion was improved by incobotulinumtoxinA injection, and the effect lasted up to 6 months in some children. No adverse effects were reported to incobotulinumtoxinA injections. The treatment with incobotulinumtoxinA might improve the maximal passive ankle dorsiflexion and is safe and well-tolerated in ITW with a longer-than-expected effect in comparison to cerebral palsy. These results may offer ground to future randomized controlled trials and studies assessing the effect of BoNT-A in combination with other non-invasive approaches and exercise programs in children with ITW.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14110792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T04:24:10Z","timestamp":1668399850000},"page":"792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["IncobotulinumtoxinA Injection for Treating Children with Idiopathic Toe Walking: A Retrospective Efficacy and Safety Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5930-5974","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mirko","family":"Filippetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3558-8276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Picelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"},{"name":"Canadian Advances in Neuro-Orthopedics for Spasticity Congress (CANOSC), Kingston, ON K7K 1Z6, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rita","family":"Di Censo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sabrina","family":"Vantin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pietro Nicola","family":"Randazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Sandrini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science & Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1513-2113","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Tassorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science & Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9415-4948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roberto","family":"De Icco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy"},{"name":"Headache Science & Neurorehabilitation Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7630-1887","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicola","family":"Smania","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1561-2187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Tamburin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"640","article-title":"Idiopathic Toe-Walking: Prevalence and Natural History from Birth to Ten Years of Age","volume":"18","author":"Tedroff","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. 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