{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T10:58:24Z","timestamp":1785841104682,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China","award":["2018FY100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018FY100200"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China","award":["32072329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072329"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China","award":["41976110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41976110"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China","award":["2020TD71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020TD71"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2018FY100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018FY100200"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32072329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072329"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["41976110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41976110"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["2020TD71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020TD71"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS","award":["2018FY100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018FY100200"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS","award":["32072329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072329"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS","award":["41976110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41976110"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS","award":["2020TD71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020TD71"]}]},{"name":"Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, CAFS","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}]},{"name":"CARS","award":["2018FY100200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018FY100200"]}]},{"name":"CARS","award":["32072329"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072329"]}]},{"name":"CARS","award":["41976110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["41976110"]}]},{"name":"CARS","award":["2020TD71"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020TD71"]}]},{"name":"CARS","award":["CARS-49"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-49"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Harmful algal blooms in Chinese waters have caused serious domoic acid (DA) contamination in shellfish. Although shellfish are at particular risk of dietary exposure to DA, there have been no systematic DA risk assessments in Chinese coastal waters. A total of 451 shellfish samples were collected from March to November 2020. The presence of DA and four of its isomers were detected using liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. The spatial-temporal distribution of DA occurrence and its potential health risks were examined. DA was detected in 198 shellfish samples (43.90%), with a maximum level of 942.86 \u03bcg\/kg. DA was recorded in all 14 shellfish species tested and Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) showed the highest average DA concentration (82.36 \u03bcg\/kg). The DA concentrations in shellfish showed distinct spatial-temporal variations, with significantly higher levels of occurrence in autumn than in summer and spring (p &lt; 0.01), and particularly high occurrence in Guangdong and Fujian Provinces. The detection rates and maximum concentrations of the four DA isomers were low. While C. gigas from Guangdong Province in September showed the highest levels of DA contamination, the risk to human consumers was low. This study improves our understanding of the potential risk of shellfish exposure to DA-residues.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins14120862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T02:51:56Z","timestamp":1670467916000},"page":"862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Residue Analysis and Assessment of the Risk of Dietary Exposure to Domoic Acid in Shellfish from the Coastal Areas of China"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Guanchao","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanyu","family":"Che","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hebei Province Aquatic Products Quality Inspection and Testing Station, Shijiazhuang 050011, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jixing","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengmeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7216-4034","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhijun","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China"},{"name":"Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China"},{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.102152","article-title":"Progress on the investigation and monitoring of marine phycotoxins in China","volume":"111","author":"Liang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101992","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2021.101992","article-title":"Global harmful algal bloom status reporting","volume":"102","author":"Hallegraeff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hal.2018.06.001","article-title":"Pseudo-nitzschia, Nitzschia, and domoic acid: New research since 2011","volume":"79","author":"Bates","year":"2018","journal-title":"Harmful Algae"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.13101","article-title":"Two new and non-toxigenic Pseudo-nitzschia species (Bacillariophyceae) from Chinese southeast coastal waters","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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