{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T03:15:53Z","timestamp":1792552553709,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":208,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Borroughs Wellcome Fund","award":["81974094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974094"]}]},{"name":"Borroughs Wellcome Fund","award":["8190032071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8190032071"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["81974094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974094"]}]},{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["8190032071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8190032071"]}]},{"name":"American Urologic Association\/Urology Care Foundation, and the Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction","award":["81974094"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81974094"]}]},{"name":"American Urologic Association\/Urology Care Foundation, and the Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction","award":["8190032071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["8190032071"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Toxins"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC)-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (STEC-HUS) is a clinical syndrome involving hemolytic anemia (with fragmented red blood cells), low levels of platelets in the blood (thrombocytopenia), and acute kidney injury (AKI). It is the major infectious cause of AKI in children. In severe cases, neurological complications and even death may occur. Treating STEC-HUS is challenging, as patients often already have organ injuries when they seek medical treatment. Early diagnosis is of great significance for improving prognosis and reducing mortality and sequelae. In this review, we first briefly summarize the diagnostics for STEC-HUS, including history taking, clinical manifestations, fecal and serological detection methods for STEC, and complement activation monitoring. We also summarize preventive and therapeutic strategies for STEC-HUS, such as vaccines, volume expansion, renal replacement therapy (RRT), antibiotics, plasma exchange, antibodies and inhibitors that interfere with receptor binding, and the intracellular trafficking of the Shiga toxin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15010010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]],"date-time":"2022-12-23T03:55:21Z","timestamp":1671767721000},"page":"10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":82,"title":["Diagnosis and Treatment for Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli Associated Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"15","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1775-9908","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"},{"name":"Department of Urology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatim","family":"Thaker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chunyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 201102, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8120-3165","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhonggao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, Boston Children\u2019s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2004100861","article-title":"Hemolytic uremic syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Noris","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. 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